{"id":816,"date":"2024-10-07T04:41:51","date_gmt":"2024-10-07T04:41:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/2024.wwii-refugees.ee\/?page_id=816"},"modified":"2025-03-21T11:19:55","modified_gmt":"2025-03-21T11:19:55","slug":"e-naitus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/2024.wwii-refugees.ee\/en\/e-naitus\/","title":{"rendered":"E-N\u00e4itus"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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SAATUSEAASTA 1944<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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THE FATEFUL YEAR 1944<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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EESTI SAATUS TEISES MAAILMAS\u00d5JAS<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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ESTONIA\u2019S FATE\nIN THE SECOND WORLD WAR<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Koostajad\/ Compiled by: Meelis Maripuu, \u00dclle Kraft, Aivar Niglas<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Teine maailmas\u00f5da h\u00e4vitas Eesti riigi ja pillutas laiali meie rahvastiku.\u00a0N\u00f5ukogude Liit okupeeris Eesti 1940. aastal, j\u00e4rgnenud terrori k\u00e4igus\u00a0<\/span>arreteeriti ca 10 000 inimest, teised ca 10 000, raukadest rinnalasteni,\u00a0<\/span>k\u00fc\u00fcditati kodumaalt NSV Liitu. H\u00e4vitati terved perekonnad, arreteerituist\u00a0<\/span>\u00f5nnestus p\u00e4rast s\u00f5da kodumaale naasta \u00fcksikutel inimestel, k\u00fc\u00fcditatuist\u00a0<\/span>hukkusid v\u00e4hemalt pooled.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The Second World War destroyed the independent Republic of Estonia and scattered its population. The Soviet Union occupied Estonia in 1940. Approximately 10,000 people were arrested in the course of the subsequent terror. About another 10,000 people, from infants to the very elderly, were deported from their Estonian homeland to the Soviet Union. Entire families\u00a0<\/span>were destroyed. Only a few of the arrested people managed to return to their homeland after the war. At least half of the deported people survived.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Punaarmee j\u00f5udemonstratsioon Riigikogus 22.07.1940, kui kuulutati v\u00e4lja Eesti liitmine N\u00f5ukogude Liiduga.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>

The Red Army\u2019s show of force at the Riigikogu (Estonian parliament) on 22 July 1940, when Estonia\u2019s unification with the Soviet Union was announced.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Rahvusvahelist \u00f5igust eirates mobiliseeriti 1940\u20131941 N\u00f5ukogude Puna\u00adarmeesse ligi 45 000 Eesti kodanikku ning nad kadusid oma perekondade vaatev\u00e4ljast. Osadel \u00f5nnestus p\u00f5geneda, kuid 6000\u20138500 meest suri N\u00f5ukogude tagalas t\u00f6\u00f6pataljonide ebainimlikes tingimustes, tuhanded vahistati, hukati v\u00f5i j\u00e4id s\u00f5jas teadmata kadunuks. Elluj\u00e4\u00e4nud naasid Eestisse 1944 okupatsiooniv\u00e4gede koosseisus.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Nearly 45,000 Estonian citizens were mobilised into the Soviet Red Army in 1940\u20131941 in disregard of international law. They disappeared from the field of view of their families. Some managed to escape, but 6,000 \u2013 8,500 men died in the Soviet rear area in the inhumane conditions of labour battalions. Thousands were arrested, executed, or went missing in the war. The survi-vors returned to Estonia in 1944 in the ranks of the occupying forces.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Sovettide veret\u00f6\u00f6 ohvrid Kuressaare kindluse hoovis 1941. aasta s\u00fcgisel.<\/strong><\/p>

Victims of a bloodbath carried out by the Soviets in the courtyard of\u00a0Kuressaare Castle in the autumn of 1941.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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1941. aasta suvel asendus kommunistlik N\u00f5ukogude okupatsioon natsionaalsotsialistliku\u00a0Saksamaa \u00fclemv\u00f5imuga. V\u00f5imuvahetus tekitas rahvas esmalt\u00a0<\/span>vabanemislootuse, kuid see ei t\u00e4itunud, ja uue terrori k\u00e4igus m\u00f5rvati 8000\u00a0<\/span>Eesti inimest. Paljud arreteeriti, kahtlustatuna koost\u00f6\u00f6s kommunistidega.\u00a0<\/span>Reaktsioonina N\u00f5ukogude terrorile astusid sajad eestlased vabatahtlikuna\u00a0<\/span>Saksamaa poolel relvateenistusse, soovides k\u00e4tte maksta ja lootes Venemaale\u00a0<\/span>tungides vabastada l\u00e4hedased. Lisaks hakkas ka uus okupatsiooniv\u00f5im\u00a0<\/span>rahvusvahelist\u00a0<\/span>\u00f5igust v\u00e4\u00e4nates eestlasi oma relvaj\u00f5ududesse mobiliseerima.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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In the summer of 1941, the communist Soviet occupation was replaced by that\u00a0of National Socialist Germany. The change in power initially inspired hope for\u00a0<\/span>liberation among the population but that did not materialise. In the course of\u00a0<\/span>a new wave of terror, 8,000 Estonian people were murdered. Many were arrested\u00a0<\/span>on suspicion of collaboration with communists. Hundreds of Estonians\u00a0<\/span>enlisted in the armed services on the side of Germany in reaction to the Soviet\u00a0<\/span>terror, with the desire to exact revenge and hoping to free their close relatives\u00a0<\/span>by invading Russia. Additionally, the new occupying regime also started mobilising\u00a0<\/span>Estonians into its armed forces, thus distorting international law.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Eestimaa kindralkomissar K. S. Litzmann ja Eesti Omavalitsuse\u00a0juht Hjalmar M\u00e4e kohtuvad 1942. a Viljandi s\u00f5javangilaagris\u00a0Punaarmee poolelt \u00fcle tulnud eestlastega.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

The General Commissar of Estonia K. S. Litzmann and the leader\u00a0of the Estonian Omavalitsus (Self-Administration) Hjalmar M\u00e4e\u00a0meet with Estonians who have defected from the side of the\u00a0Red Army at a prisoner of war camp in Viljandi in 1942.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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1943. aastast hakkas eestlaste hulgas levima kartus, et sakslased j\u00e4tavad Baltikumi maha ja nad j\u00e4etakse kommunistide meelevalda. Loodeti, et Saksa v\u00f5imud v\u00f5imaldavad eestlastel evakueeruda Saksamaale ning annavad relvi oma piiride kaitseks. Rootsi ja Saksa v\u00f5imude kokkuleppel lubati enam kui neljal tuhandel Eesti l\u00e4\u00e4nerannikul ja saartel elanud eestirootslasel 1943\u20131944 oma ajaloolisele kodumaale evakueeruda, koos nendega lahkus juba ka hulk eestlasi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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In 1943, the fear started spreading among Estonians that the Germans would abandon the Baltic states and that they would be left at the mercy of the communists. It was hoped that the German authorities would enable Estonians to evacuate to Germany and provide arms for the defence of their borders. The Swedish and German authorities agreed to allow more than four thousand Estonian Swedes living on the western coast and islands of Estonia to evacuate to their historical homeland in 1943\u20131944. A number of Estonians left together with them.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Eestirootslaste lahkumine Eestist Rootsi, 28. august 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

The departure of Estonian Swedes from Estonia to Sweden,\u00a0August 28, 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Sajad mehed ei soovinud kommunismi vastu v\u00f5idelda Saksa mundris ning p\u00f5genesid karmist keelust hoolimata Soome, liitusid sealse armeega ja on saanud tuntuks soomepoiste nime all. Koos meestega p\u00f5genes 1943. aastal \u00fcle Soome lahe ka hulk naisi ja lapsi, nii et soomlastel tekkis tunne, et kogu P\u00f5hja-\u00adEesti rannik j\u00e4\u00e4b inimt\u00fchjaks.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Hundreds of men did not want to fight communism in German uniform and regardless of strict prohibition, they fled to Finland, joined the army there, and became known as the soomepoisid (Finnish Boys). A large number of women and children also fled across the Gulf of Finland together with the men in 1943 so that the Finns got the feeling that the entire coast of Northern Estonia would become deserted.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Soome j\u00f5udnud Eesti s\u00f5jap\u00f5genikud paigutati Helsingi l\u00e4hedale Jollase m\u00f5isa. Mai 2024.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The Estonian war refugees who reached Finland were placed at Jollas Manor near Helsinki. May 2024<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon: erakogu, autor: H. Tammela Illustration: private collection, author: H. Tammela<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Vabatahtlikud \u00c4ksist astuvad1942. aastal Eesti Leegioni.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Volunteers from \u00c4ksi enlist in the Estonian Legion in 1942.<\/p>

Illustratsioon: RA, autor: K.Hintzer<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Illustration: RA, author: K.Hintzer<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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1944. aasta jaanuaris j\u00f5udis Punaarmee Narva juures taas Eesti piirideni ja valdav osa linna elanikke evakueeriti, l\u00fckates liikuma sisemaise p\u00f5genike laine. Hirm naasva punaterrori ees viis osa mehi taas vabatahtlikult Saksa relvateenistusse, teisi kallutas see alluma mobilisatsioonik\u00e4sule. S\u00f5ja kestel teenis Saksa relva\u00fcksustes kokku ligikaudu 50 000 eestlast.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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In January of 1944, the Red Army once again reached Estonia\u2019s borders at Narva and the vast majority of the city\u2019s population was evacuated, starting up a wave of people fleeing within Estonia. Fear of the return of Red Terror caused some men to voluntarily enlist in the German armed forces and
disposed others to obey mobilisation orders. Over the course of the war, a total of roughly 50,000 Estonians served in German armed units.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Tallinna linna t\u00e4nav p\u00e4rast 1944. aasta m\u00e4rtsi pommitamist.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

A street in Tallinn after the bombing raids of March, 1944.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: TLA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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9.\u201310. m\u00e4rtsini tabas Tallinna ulatuslik pommir\u00fcnnak, mis h\u00e4vitas ligi kolmandiku linna elamispinnast ja sundis paljud perekonnad lahkuma. Suveks valdas inimesi \u00fcha kasvav rahutus, mida t\u00f5ukasid tagant mitmed m\u00e4rgid: Saksa v\u00f5imuesindajate perekonnad lahkusid ning n\u00e4iteks Eesti raudteelaste, kes olid s\u00f5ja seisukohalt v\u00e4ga olulised spetsialistid, perekondadele tehti ettepanek evakueeruda Saksamaale. Samas p\u00fc\u00fcdsid Saksa v\u00f5imud igati v\u00e4ltida \u00fcldise paanika puhkemist. Suvel kestsid lahingud Virumaal Narva ja Sinim\u00e4gede piirkonnas. Augusti teiseks pooleks oli s\u00f5jaline olukord aga kujunenud selliseks, et Saksa v\u00f5imud alustasid avalikult ettevalmistusi kohalike tsiviilisikute evakueerimiseks, mida k\u00e4sitleti k\u00fcll ajutise abin\u00f5una. 16. septembril loobus Saksamaa oma positsioonide kaitsmisest Mandri-Eestis ning alustati oma \u00fcksuste evakueerimist. See p\u00e4\u00e4stis valla ka eestlaste massilise p\u00f5genemise. Septembri l\u00f5puks oli kogu Mandri-Eesti Punaarmee kontrolli all, viimased Saksa \u00fcksused taandusid S\u00f5rvest 25. novembril.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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An extensive bombing raid was carried out against Tallinn on 9\u201310 March 1944, which destroyed nearly a third of the city\u2019s residential space and forced many families to leave the city. By the summer, ever-growing unrest gained ground among the people, impelled by many signs: the families of German representatives of state authority departed, and the Germans proposed to the families of Estonian railwaymen, who were key specialists in terms of the war, that they evacuate to Germany. At the same time, the German authorities tried in every respect to prevent the outbreak of general panic. Battles continued in the summer in Viru County in the region of Narva and the Sinim\u00e4ed. By the latter half of August, the military situation had become such that the German authorities openly launched preparations for evacuating local civilians, which was admittedly considered a temporary measure. On 16 September, Germany abandoned the defence of its positions in continental Estonia and started evacuating its units. That triggered the mass flight of Estonians. At the end of September, all of continental Estonia was under the control of the Red Army. The last German units retreated from S\u00f5rve in Saaremaa on 25 November.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Teadaanne v\u00f5imalusest evakueeruda
Saksamaale, 20.08.1944.<\/strong><\/p>

A notice of the possibility to evacuate
to Germany, 20 August 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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P\u00d5GENEMINE ARVUDES<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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EXODUS IN NUMBERS<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Eesti s\u00f5jap\u00f5genikud moodustasid v\u00e4ga eripalgelise seltskonna. K\u00f5ige selgepiirilisem osa neist olid enam kui 7000 rannarootslast, kes olid ka \u00fched esimesed lahkujad. Eestlaste arvukam lahkumine kodumaalt sai alguse 1943. aastal, p\u00f5hjarannikult Soome. Suurem osa (u 3500) neist olid mehed, kes v\u00f5eti \u00fcle lahe j\u00f5udes Soome armee teenistusse. Meeste k\u00f5rval lahkus P\u00f5hja-Eestist Soome ka v\u00e4hemalt 500 naist ja last, kes olid 1944. aasta s\u00fcgisel sunnitud N\u00f5ukogude Liidule v\u00e4ljaandmise kartuses edasi p\u00f5genema Rootsi. Koos s\u00f5ja l\u00f5pufaasi p\u00f5genikega j\u00f5udis Soome kaudu Rootsi v\u00e4hemalt 5000\u20137000 Eesti s\u00f5jap\u00f5genikku. Massiline p\u00f5genemine Eestist algas 1944. aasta augustis ning kestis kuni oktoobri alguseni, mil ka Saaremaa rannik langes valdavas osas Punaarmee kontrolli alla. S\u00f5jap\u00f5genike kaks esmast sihtriiki oli Rootsi ja Saksamaa. P\u00f5genemise k\u00f5rghetk m\u00f5lemas suunas j\u00e4i septembri teise poolde, mil omak\u00e4eline\u00a0 p\u00f5genikevool suundus k\u00f5ikm\u00f5eldavatel meres\u00f5idukitel Rootsi suunas ja Saksa laevastik korraldas Tallinna evakueerimise.
Senistel andmetel oli esimestel s\u00f5jaj\u00e4rgsetel aastatel peamiselt Saksamaal ja Rootsis kokku ligi 80 000 Eesti elanikku.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Estonian war refugees as a whole represented a diverse cross-section of society. The most clearly defined group among them was the more than 7,000 coastal Swedes, who were also among the first to leave. The largest wave of departures of Estonians from their homeland began in 1943 from Estonia\u2019s northern coast to Finland. The greater portion of these particular refugees (about 3,500) were men who were accepted to serve in the Finnish Army when they arrived on the other side of the gulf. Alongside men, at least 500 women and children also left Northern Estonia for Finland. In the autumn of 1944, they were forced to flee onward to Sweden due to fears of being extradited to the Soviet Union. Together with refugees from the last phase of the war, at least 5,000\u20137,000 Estonian war refugees
reached Sweden via Finland. <\/span>Mass exodus from Estonia began in August of 1944 and lasted until the start of October when the Red Army gained control of most of the coast of Saaremaa. Germany and Sweden became the two primary destination countries for the war refugees. The latter half of September was the high point of the exodus in both directions. That is when the German fleet organised evacuation from Tallinn, and a flood of refugees fleeing on their own headed for Sweden on board all manner of seagoing vessels. According to hitherto available information, nearly 80,000 Estonians in total lived abroad in the first postwar years, most of them in Germany and Sweden.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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J\u00e4rgnev \u00fclevaade tugineb ligi 65 000 p\u00f5geniku andmetel,<\/strong> kelle isikuandmed koos varasema elukohaga on \u00f5nnestunud <\/strong>seni kindlaks teha. Lahknevana toonasest haldusjaotusest, on<\/strong> \u00fclevaatlikkuse huvides Tallinna elanikud eraldatud Harjumaast <\/strong>ning Hiiumaa vallad on eraldatud L\u00e4\u00e4nemaast.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The following overview is based on data concerning nearly 65,000 refugees, whose personal data has hitherto been ascertained together with their previous places of residence. In divergence from the administrative divisions of that time, residents of Tallinn have been separated from Harju County and the rural municipalities of Hiiumaa have been separated from L\u00e4\u00e4ne County in the interests of comprehensiveness.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Saksamaa eri paigus oli s\u00f5ja l\u00f5pus v\u00e4hemalt 37 000 ja enam eestlast (ligi 60% Eesti p\u00f5genikest). Kahe suurema grupina t\u00f5usevad esile tsiviilisikud, keda Saksa v\u00f5imud evakueerisid meritsi suurtel laevadel, ning eesti mehed, kes olid Saksa relva\u00fcksuste koosseisus taandunud Saksamaale. Arvuliselt v\u00e4iksem osa, \u00fcle 26 000 (\u00fcle 40%) p\u00f5geniku j\u00f5udis Rootsi. Nende hulgas oli enamik rannarootslastest \u00fcle mere p\u00e4\u00e4senud Saksa v\u00f5imude loal, kuid \u00fclej\u00e4\u00e4nud p\u00f5genikud pidid trotsima okupatsiooniv\u00f5imude keelde ning tormist merd. Kuigi Rootsi oli p\u00f5genike enamuse eelistatuim sihtriik, ei olnud rannikust kaugemal elavatel inimestel lihtne leida kohta salaja lahkuvatel paatidel. Suurem v\u00f5imalus Rootsi p\u00e4\u00e4seda oli rannarahval. Saaremaa puhul on Saksamaa suurem osakaal tingitud statistikas kajastuva ca 2500 s\u00f5rulase sunniviisilisest evakueerimisest Saksamaale.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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There were at least 37,000 Estonians (nearly 60% of Estonian refugees) in various parts of Germany at the end of the war. Two sizable groups that emerge are civilians who the German authorities evacuated by sea on board large ships, and Estonian men who had retreated to Germany in the ranks of German armed units. <\/span>A numerically smaller portion of refugees, more than 26,000 (over 40%), reached Sweden. Among them were most of the coastal Swedes, who crossed the sea with the permission of the German authorities. The rest of the refugees had to defy the bans of the occupying authorities and brave the stormy sea. Although Sweden was the most preferred destination country for the majority of the refugees, it was not easy for people living farther from the coast to find places for themselves in boats that departed secretly. People living on the coast had a better chance to get to Sweden. The greater relative proportion of refugees that went to Germany in the case of refugees from Saaremaa is due to the forced evacuation to Germany of approximately 2,500 inhabitants of S\u00f5rve, which is reflected in the statistics.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Arvuliselt suurim hulk p\u00f5genikke lahkus Tallinnast, mis on seletatav suurema rahvaarvu ning suhtelise lihtsusega lahkuda Saksa evakuatsioonilaevadega. J\u00e4rgneb suuruselt teine Eesti linn Tartu koos Tartu maakonnaga ning seej\u00e4rel loogiliselt saared ning L\u00e4\u00e4ne-Eesti rannik. L\u00e4\u00e4nemaa p\u00f5genike suhteliselt suurema arvu p\u00f5hjus on selgelt pea kogu rannarootsi rahvusr\u00fchma lahkumine Eestist.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The numerically largest quantity of refugees left from Tallinn, which can be explained by the city\u2019s larger population and the relative ease with which people could depart on board German evacuation ships. The second largest number of refugees went from Tartu, Estonia\u2019s second city in terms of size, together with Tartu County, followed thereafter logically by the islands and the Western Estonian coast. The reason for the relatively larger number of refugees from L\u00e4\u00e4ne County is clearly the departure of almost the entire coastal Swedish ethnic group from Estonia.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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P\u00f5genike soolise ja vanuselise esmase jaotuse puhul saab esile tuua \u00fche k\u00f5rvalekalde. Silma torkab 15\u201320-aastaste meeste suurem osakaal samas vanuses naistega v\u00f5rreldes, mida saab selgitada Saksa relvateenistuses olnud noormeeste proportsionaalselt suurema lahkumisega kodumaalt. Vahetult p\u00e4rast s\u00f5da p\u00f6\u00f6rdus erinevatel p\u00f5hjustel Eestisse tagasi v\u00e4hemalt 10 000 s\u00f5jas\u00fcndmuste k\u00e4igus kodumaalt lahkunud inimest. Enamasti v\u00f5is see olla seotud perekondlike p\u00f5hjustega, kuid oma roll oli ka N\u00f5ukogude propagandal. Valdav osa p\u00f5genikest ei pidanud naasmist NSV Liidu okupeeritud Eestisse v\u00f5imalikuks ja j\u00e4id l\u00e4\u00e4nde, lootes esialgu Eesti kiiret vabanemist. Rahvusvaheline olukord seda aga ei v\u00f5imaldanud ja eelk\u00f5ige Saksamaal olijad pidid endale leidma uue elupaiga muudes riikides. Eestlaste suurimad kogukonnad moodustusid Rootsis, Kanadas, Ameerika \u00dchendriikides, Austraalias ja Suurbritannias.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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A deviation can be highlighted regarding the primary distribution of refugees by gender and age. The larger relative proportion of men aged 15\u201320 years compared to women in the same age range stands out. This can be explained by the proportionally larger rate of departure from the homeland of young men who were serving in the German armed forces. Immediately after the war, at least 10,000 people who had left their homeland in the course of the events of the war returned to Estonia for various reasons. For the most part, that could be connected with familial reasons, but Soviet propaganda also had its role. The vast majority of refugees did not consider it possible to return to Estonia while it was occupied by the Soviet Union. They remained in the West, initially hoping for the quick liberation of Estonia. The international situation, however, did not allow that. The Estonians in Germany largely had to find new places of residence for themselves in other countries. The largest communities of Estonians took shape in Sweden, Canada, the United States, Australia, and Great Britain.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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V\u00f5rreldes s\u00f5jaeelse rahvaarvuga, oli p\u00f5genike osakaal rahvastikust suurim L\u00e4\u00e4nemaal, mis on taas seotud rannarootsi kogukonna lahkumisega Rootsi. Pea sama suur osa elanikest p\u00f5genes ka Tallinnast, mida v\u00f5imaldas suures osas Saksa v\u00f5imude korraldatud evakueerimisaktsioon 16.\u201322. septembrini. J\u00e4rgneb Saare maakond, kus p\u00f5genike osakaal on graafikul kujutatust eelduslikult m\u00f5nev\u00f5rra suurem, kuid puudulikud elukoha andmed ei ole v\u00f5imaldanud seda veel tuvastada. Proportsionaalselt suurem peaks olema ka Virumaa p\u00f5genike osa, kuid puudulike elukoha andmete t\u00f5ttu ei ole sedagi veel fikseeritud.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Compared to the prewar population, the proportion of refugees relative to the population was the largest in L\u00e4\u00e4ne County, which is once again due to the departure to Sweden of the coastal Swedish community. Almost just as large a part of the population also fled from Tallinn. The evacuation operation organised by the German authorities from 16 to 22 September largely enabled this. The next largest proportion is from Saare County, where the relative proportion of refugees is presumably somewhat larger than that depicted in the graph. Deficient data on places of residence has not allowed this to be ascertained yet. The share of refugees from Viru County should also be proportionally larger but this too has not yet been ascertained due to deficient data on places of residence.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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VIRUMAA<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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P\u00d5GENEMINE SOOME<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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ESCAPE TO FINLAND<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Koostaja\/Compiled by: Uno Trumm<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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P\u00e4rast Stalingradi lahingus l\u00fc\u00fca saamist 1943. aasta kevadtalvel ja sellele j\u00e4rgnevat ebaedu Idarindel, kasvas Saksa armee vajadus s\u00f5durite j\u00e4rele. 1943. aastal viidi Eestis l\u00e4bi 1920.\u20131924. aastal s\u00fcndinud meeste mobilisatsioon Eesti Leegioni. See t\u00f5i kaasa mobilisatsiooniealiste meeste p\u00f5genemise \u00fcle lahe Soome. Koha paati sai osta raha, kulla vm v\u00e4\u00e4rtusliku eest ning p\u00f5genikke vedasid \u00fcle lahe endised Soome ja Eesti randade salapiirituse ja -kauba vedajad.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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After suffering defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad in the winter and spring of 1943, and the setbacks that followed it on the Eastern Front, the German Army\u2019s need for soldiers increased. A mobilisation of men born from 1920 to 1924 into the Estonian Legion was carried out in 1943. This led men of mobilisation age to flee across the gulf to Finland. One could buy one\u2019s place in a boat in return for money, gold, or other valuables. Former contrabandists and smugglers of spirits on the coasts of Finland and Estonia took refugees across the gulf.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Ettevalmistused p\u00f5genemiseks. Saksa mobilisatsioonist k\u00f5rvalehoidjad korrastavad \u00f6\u00f6 kattevarjus oma paati.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Preparations for departure. Men evading the German mobilisation fix up their boat under cover of night.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Paadiehitus Pedassaare rannas.<\/strong><\/p>

A boat under construction on Pedassaare beach.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: MM<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Paatkond ootab \u00e4ras\u00f5idu hetke.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

A boatload of people wait for the moment of departure.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA, <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

autor \/ author: H.Vilper<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Meeste kogunemine oli m\u00e4\u00e4ratud \u00f5htule, kella kaheksaks Altja Uustalu karjamaa nurgale tihedasse kuusep\u00f5\u00f5sastikku. Saabusin sinna pimedas. Mehi kogunes salkkond, umbes kolmek\u00fcmne \u00fcmber. Alustasime kaasav\u00f5etud pampudega matka l\u00e4bi metsa Pedassaare poole. J\u00f5udsime neeme otsale, kuhu pidi tulema paat teatud aal. Ootasime s\u00e4\u00e4l ja andsime kokku lepitud signaale, kuid merelt ei tulnud mingit vastust. Hommikupoole \u00f6\u00f6d p\u00f6\u00f6rasime kodu poole tagasi, et mitte kahtlust \u00e4ratada. Iga mees oli hommikul j\u00e4lle oma t\u00f6\u00f6 juures tagasi, nii ei v\u00f5inud keegi arvata, missugused seiklused olid meil \u00f6\u00f6sel. K\u00e4isime niimoodi kolmel \u00f6\u00f6l Pedassaare neemel paati ootamas, kuid j\u00e4llegi tuli meil tagasi p\u00f6\u00f6rduda. Viimaks ei j\u00e4\u00e4nud muud \u00fcle, kui uus paat muretseda ja v\u00e4iksema salgaga \u00fcle mere minna. Kaugemalt mehed, Eismalt ja Rutjalt, lahkusid tagasi oma kodudesse, j\u00e4rele j\u00e4i Altjalt, Mustojalt ja Vergist kokku \u00fcksteist meest. Saime Sepa Eduga kokkuleppele, ta muretses paadi ja s\u00f5it l\u00e4ks lahti Pedassaare otsast mardilaup\u00e4eva \u00f5htul 1943. Puhus tugev edelatuul \u2013 mida kaugemale maast j\u00f5udsime, seda suuremaks t\u00f5usis lainetus. Kella \u00fche ajal \u00f6\u00f6sel vilkus ees Byrti majaka tuli. Meil ei olnud suure mastaabiga merekaarti, nii oli v\u00e4ga raske pimedas orienteeruda. Panime mootori seisma ja j\u00e4ime ootama p\u00e4evavalget. Suur laine peksis \u00fcle paadi ja tegi meid l\u00e4bim\u00e4rjaks. Kartsime, et laine l\u00f6\u00f6b paadi vett t\u00e4is ja sellega meie reis oleks l\u00f5ppenud \u00f5nnetult. Olime varustatud suure \u00f5litagavaraga, kasutasime seda mere vaigistamiseks: m\u00f5lemalt pardalt tilgutasime \u00f5lis immutatud kottidest \u00f5li merre, \u00f5li tegi laine \u00fcmmarguseks ja paat t\u00f6\u00f6tas lainetes h\u00e4sti. Niimoodi loksusime merel mitu tundi, kuni viimaks koitis p\u00e4evavalgus. P\u00f6\u00f6rasime paadiotsa alla lainet ja t\u00fc\u00fcrisime lainemurrust saarestiku vahele. Eespool n\u00e4gime \u00fcht saarenukki, kavatsesime selle taha p\u00f6\u00f6rata, et asula l\u00e4hedale randuda. N\u00e4gime paremal \u00fchte asulat, p\u00f6\u00f6rasime paadi selles suunas ja umbes veerand tunni m\u00f6\u00f6dudes randusime Sauna saarel. Olime l\u00e4bim\u00e4rjad ja tublisti k\u00fclmetanud. Lahke ja vastutulelik saarerahvas kostitas meid kuuma teega. \u00d5nn oli, et p\u00f6\u00f6rdusime sellele saarele, edasi s\u00f5ites oleksime j\u00f5udnud otse sakslaste vaatluspunkti. Saanud endid enam-v\u00e4hem korraldatud, keha soojendatud ja tujugi t\u00f5stetud Eestist kaasa toodud lepikuliisu abil, j\u00e4tkasime s\u00f5itu l\u00e4himasse Soome piirivalvepunkti. Meie edasine k\u00e4ek\u00e4ik j\u00e4i Soome v\u00f5imude otsustada.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>


Valdek Kaasik. T\u00f5estis\u00fcndinud lood. Viitna, 2006<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The men agreed to gather at eight o\u2019clock in the evening in a spruce thicket in the corner of the pasture of Uustalu farm in Altja. I arrived there in the dark. A group of around thirty men gathered. We set out on our hike through the woods towards Pedassaare with the bags we had brought with us. We reached the end of the cape, where a boat was supposed to come at an agreed time. We waited there and gave the agreed signals, but no reply came from the sea. Towards morning we headed back towards home so as not to arouse suspicion. Each man was back at his job again in the morning. That way nobody could guess what kinds of adventures we had had at night. We went like that to the cape at Pedassaare on three successive nights to wait for the boat, but each time we had to go back home again. We were finally left with no choice but to get another boat and cross the sea in a smaller group. The men from Eisma and Rutja farther away went back to their homes. A total of 11 men remained from Altja, Mustoja, and Vergi. We struck a bargain with Sepa Edu. He acquired a boat and we set off from the tip of Pedassaare in the evening on the eve of Martinmas, 1943. A strong southwester was blowing \u2013 the farther we got from shore, the bigger the waves were. At one o\u2019clock at night, the light of the Byrt lighthouse flashed in front of us. We did not have a large-scale navigational chart, so it was really hard to get oriented in the dark. We cut the motor and waited for daylight. A big wave washed over the boat and soaked us. We were afraid that a wave would fill our boat with water. If that happened, our voyage would have ended fatally. We had a large supply of oil. We used it to calm the sea: we dripped oil from bags soaked in oil into the sea on both sides of the boat. The oil rounded off the waves and the boat worked well in the waves. We floated like that on the sea for several hours until daylight finally broke. We turned the front of the boat down the waves and steered between the archipelago out of the breaking waves. Ahead we saw the tip of an island. We planned to turn behind it so that we could land near the settlement. We saw a settlement on the right. We turned the boat in that direction and about a quarter of an hour later, we landed on Sauna Island. We were soaked and cold. The kind-hearted and obliging islanders gave us hot tea. It was lucky for us that we turned onto that island. If we had proceeded onward, we would have headed straight to a German observation post. When we had more or less recovered, warmed ourselves up, and even improved our mood with moonshine we had brought along from Estonia, we continued on our way to the closest Finnish border guard post. It was up to the Finnish authorities to decide our subsequent fate.<\/span><\/p>

Valdek Kaasik. T\u00f5estis\u00fcndinud lood. Viitna 2006<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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P\u00f5genejate paat, mida rammis Saksa allveelaev. 16 p\u00f5genikku hukkus.<\/strong><\/p>

Refugee boat that was rammed by a German submarine. 16 refugees perished.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA
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1943.\u20131944. aastal \u00fcletas pagenute arv 5000 piiri. Neist v\u00e4hemalt 2 \u20443 olid noored mehed, kes astusid vabatahtlikult Soome armeesse ja teenisid 8. veebruaril 1944 moodustatud 200. jalav\u00e4er\u00fcgemendis (JR 200), aga ka merev\u00e4es ning kaugluures. Augustis 1944 anti soomepoistele ametlikult luba Eestisse tagasi p\u00f6\u00f6rduda, et osaleda kaitselahingutes pealetungiva Punaarmee v\u00e4eosade vastu. 19. augustil j\u00f5udsidki 1628 meest Eestisse tagasi ning osa neist v\u00f5itlesid Punaarmeega Emaj\u00f5el.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The number of escapees in 1943\u20131944 exceeded 5000. At least \u2154 of them were young men who voluntarily joined the Finnish army and served in the 200th Infantry Regiment (JR 200), formed on February 8, 1944, as well as in the navy and long-range reconnaissance. In August 1944, the Finnish boys were officially allowed to return to Estonia to participate in the defensive battles against the advancing Red Army units. On August 19, 1628 men returned to Estonia, and some of them fought against the Red Army at the Emaj\u00f5gi River.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Tsiviilriietuses soomepoisid marssimas.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Estonian volunteers from the Finnish Army marching in civilian clothing.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: ERM <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Soomepoisid Jalkala laagris 1943. aastal.<\/strong><\/p>

Estonian volunteers from the Finnish Army at Jalkala camp in 1943.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: AM
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P\u00d5GENEMINE ROOTSI<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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ESCAPE TO SWEDEN<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Hilissuvel 1944 otsustas Saksa armee juhatus loovutada Baltikumi. Narva rinde peaj\u00f5ud alustasid tagasit\u00f5mbumist 18. septembri \u00f5htul. Saanud teada Eesti maha j\u00e4tmisest, p\u00f5genesid paljud Rakvere ja Tapa \u00fcmbruskonna inimesed ning Viru- ja Harjumaa rannarahvas Soome. 19. septembril j\u00f5ustunud NSV Liidu ja Soome vaherahulepingus oli klausel, mille kohaselt pidi Soome pool NSV Liidule v\u00e4lja andma k\u00f5ik \u201eNSV Liidu kodanikud\u201c, kelle hulka loeti ka eestlased. P\u00e4rast lepingu j\u00f5ustumist soovitasidki Soome ametiv\u00f5imud Eesti Vabariigi kodanikel lahkuda Rootsi. Seet\u00f5ttu suunaski Soome rannavalve Eestist saabunud p\u00f5genikud Botnia lahele Rauma sadamasse, mis oli m\u00e4\u00e4ratud p\u00f5genike kogunemiskohaks. \u00dchtekokku j\u00f5udis Soome kaudu Rootsi umbes 7000 eestlast.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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In the late summer of 1944, German Army Command decided to withdraw from the Baltic region. The main forces along the Narva Front started withdrawing in the evening of 18 September. When they found out that Estonia was being abandoned, many people from the vicinity of Rakvere and Tapa, and coastal dwellers in Viru and Harju counties fled to Finland. The armistice agreement between Finland and the Soviet Union that went into effect on 19 September contained a clause according to which the Finnish side had to extradite all \u2018Soviet citizens\u2019 to the Soviet Union. Estonians were considered Soviet citizens. After the agreement went into effect, the Finnish authorities recommended that citizens of the Republic of Estonia leave for Sweden. For that reason, the Finnish coast guard sent refugees arriving from Estonia to Rauma harbour in the Gulf of Bothnia, which was designated as a place for gathering refugees together. A total of about 7,000 Estonians reached Sweden via Finland.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Rakvere kesklinn varemetes.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The city centre of Rakvere in ruins.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: VM <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Rakvere Vabaduss\u00f5ja m\u00e4lestusm\u00e4rk Saksa okupatsiooni ajal.<\/strong><\/p>

Estonian volunteers from the Finnish Army at Jalkala camp in 1943.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: AM
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Oma p\u00f5genemist V\u00f5sult Soome kaudu Rootsi kirjeldas Palmse vallavanem Karl Leemet.
21.09. Neljap\u00e4ev. […] Loksa lahel oli k\u00f5va laine k\u00fcljelt, mis viis \u00e4ra paadi ankru ja presendi. J\u00f5udsime kella 5 aegu hommikul Leesile, kus olime terve p\u00e4eva. \u00d5htul kell 8 l\u00e4ks s\u00f5iduks. Jumindal pidime teistega kohtuma, kohtusime kuue paadiga, kus selgus, et keegi ei soovi ees s\u00f5ita. N\u00fc\u00fcd lendasid meist \u00fcle Vene lennukid ja varsti algas Tallinna pommitamine, mis v\u00f5ttis meiegi kohal mere valgeks. Kartes, et lennukid v\u00f5ivad meid n\u00e4ha, p\u00f6\u00f6rasime teistest \u00e4ra ja v\u00f5tsime kursi P\u00f5hjanaelale, sest mingisugust merekaarti meil polnud.
22.09. Reede. J\u00f5udsime kell 4 hommikul Soome randa Biske kohale, nagu hiljem selgus. Ootasime valgenemist ja s\u00f5it l\u00e4ks edasi saarte vahel, kus \u00fchel saarel maandusime. Pakkusime peremehele Viru \u201eSpirtu\u201c ja peremees kutsus kohvile. Hiljem kogunes ka teisi paate ja s\u00f5it l\u00e4ks edasi tolli hoone. Sinna oli neid kogunenud ca 20 paadi \u00fcmber ja neid tuli j\u00e4rjest juurde. Siis v\u00f5eti \u00f5htu eel paadid puksiiri poolt sleppi ja toodi Jollasesse, s\u00e4\u00e4l selgus, et Soome valitsus meid Soome ei saa j\u00e4tta.
23.09. Laup\u00e4ev. \u00d6\u00f6bisime lageda taeva all. Ka siin oli palju tuttavaid. \u00d5htu eel viisid autod kraami ja inimesed Herttoneemi jaama. \u00d5htul kell 8 algas siit s\u00f5it Rauma suunas. Sattusin kaubavagunisse oma valla inimestega.
24.09. P\u00fchap\u00e4ev. V\u00f5tsime vastu p\u00fchap\u00e4eva H\u00e4\u00e4menlinna kohal. Tampere linnas anti meile s\u00fc\u00fca. J\u00f5udsime kell 9 \u00f5htul Vuojoki raudteejaama, kus \u00f6\u00f6bisime vagunites.
25.09. Esmasp\u00e4ev. K\u00e4isime kaks kilomeetrit eemal olevas koolimajas s\u00f6\u00f6mas. Kell 12 lahkusime Rauma suunas, kuhu j\u00f5udsime kl 12, sealt saime autodel kuidagi edasi ja laevale. Laeva minnes kukkusin merre. Laev oli viimse v\u00f5imaluseni t\u00e4is kiilutud. Laevas olles v\u00e4\u00e4nasin vee v\u00e4lja riietest ja sokkidest, nii kui see mul v\u00e4hegi v\u00f5imalik oli. V\u00f5tsin taskust viinapudeli, et viina l\u00e4bi v\u00e4hegi sooja saada. Perekonnad asetati laevaruumi, kuna teised j\u00e4eti tekile. Tuul muutub j\u00e4rjest valjemaks ja tuleb ka vihma. Istun luugi \u00e4\u00e4rele, sest ruumist tuleb v\u00e4heke sooja \u00fcles. Laeva nimi on \u201eVeenus\u201c, Rauma mootorlaev.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>


Villu Jahilo. Kone punkrist 1945.
I. K\u00e4sikiri Ilum\u00e4e k\u00fclamuuseumi valduses.
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Karl Leemet, the mayor of Palmse Rural Municipality, described his escape
from V\u00f5su via Finland to Sweden:
21 September. Thursday. […] There were high waves from the side in Loksa Bay that washed away the boat\u2019s anchor and canvas. We reached Leesi at about 5 in the morning and we spent the whole day there. We set out in the evening at 8 o\u2019clock. We were supposed to meet up with the others at Juminda. We met with six boats. It turned out that nobody wanted to be the lead boat. Now Russian planes flew over us and soon they started bombing Tallinn, causing white foam on the sea even at our location. We were afraid that the planes would see us and so we turned away from the others and set our course for the North Star because we had no navigational chart.
22 September. Friday. As it later turned out, we reached Biske on the Finnish coast at 4 in the morning. We waited for daylight and then we continued between the islands. We landed on one of the islands. We offered the man of the house Viru spirits, and he invited us in for coffee. Other boats also gathered later, and we all proceeded to the customs building. Around 20 boats had gathered there, and more boats kept coming. Then, before evening, a tugboat took the boats in tow and brought them to Jollas. There
it turned out that the Finnish government could not let us enter Finland.
23 September. Saturday. We spent the night under the open sky. There were many acquaintances here as well. Before evening, automobiles took belongings and people to Herttoniemi station. We set out from here at 8 in the evening for Rauma. I ended up in a freight car with people from my own rural municipality.
24 September. Sunday. We spent Sunday in H\u00e4meenlinna. We were fed in Tampere. We arrived at Vuojoki railway station at 9 o\u2019clock in the evening where we spent the night in railcars.
25 September. Monday. We went to eat at a schoolhouse two kilometres away. At 12 o\u2019clock we left for Rauma, where we arrived at 12. From there we were taken by automobile onward to the ship. I fell into the sea as I was boarding the ship. The ship was overcrowded. On board the ship I wrung the water out of my clothes and socks as much as possible. I took a bottle of vodka from my pocket and drank some of it to warm myself up a bit. Families were placed in the ship\u2019s hold while the other passengers were left on the deck. The wind grew ever stronger, and it started raining as well. I sat by the hatch because there a little bit of warmth came up from the hold. The name of the ship was Venus, a Rauma motor ship.<\/span><\/p>


Villu Jahilo. Kone punkrist 1945.
I. Manuscript in the possession of Ilum\u00e4e Village Museum.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Eestlased saabuvad Raumast lahkunud laevade sihtpunktiks olnud G\u00e4vlesse 1944. aastal.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The arrival of Estonians in G\u00e4vle, the destination of the ships that left Rauma, in 1944.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Eesti p\u00f5genikega mootorlaeva \u201eVenuse\u201c t\u00fc\u00fcr oli purunenud ja laev triivis juhitamatult Botnia rannikukaljude suunas. \u00d5nnekombel sattus mereh\u00e4dalistele peale Rootsi rannakaitselaev ja nii j\u00f5udis mootorlaev \u201eVenus\u201c, pardal 842 Eesti s\u00f5jap\u00f5genikku, Soomest Rauma sadamast Rootsi \u00d6rnsk\u00f6ldsviki sadamasse 27. septembril 1944, p\u00e4rast kaks \u00f6\u00f6p\u00e4eva kestnud triivimist tormisel merel. P\u00e4\u00e4senute hulgas oli ka tsiteeritud p\u00e4eviku autor Karl Leemet.<\/strong><\/p>

The rudder of the motorship Venus was broken. It was transporting Estonian refugees. The ship drifted uncontrollably in the direction of the coastal cliffs of Bothnia. Fortunately, a Swedish coast guard ship chanced upon the castaways. Thus, 842 Estonian war refugees on board the motor ship Venus went from Rauma harbour in Finland and arrived at \u00d6rnsk\u00f6ldsvik harbour on 27 September 1944 after drifting on the stormy sea for two days and nights. Karl Leemet, the author of the diary quoted above, was among the people who were rescued.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA
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P\u00f5genikud Eestist on j\u00f5udnud G\u00e4vlesse.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Refugees from Estonia upon arrival in G\u00e4vle.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Laevap\u00f5genikud saabuvad Rootsi randa 1944 aasta septembris.<\/strong><\/p>

Refugees arrive by ship on the coast of Sweden in September of 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: ERM
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VIIMSI JA SAARED<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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VIIMSI AND THE ISLANDS<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Koostaja\/Compiled by: K\u00fclvi Kuusk, Kadri Metsaots<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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N\u00f5ukogude okupatsioon muutis rannakalurite elu kardinaalselt. Rannad suleti N\u00f5ukogude piiritsooni, kalap\u00fc\u00fcgile kehtestati piirangud, suuremad paadid konfiskeeriti. 1941. aastal mobiliseeriti Viimsist 111 meest Punaarmeesse. Saksa okupatsiooni ajal l\u00e4ks kalurite elu vabamaks, kuid peatselt algas mobilisatsioon Saksa s\u00f5jav\u00e4kke. Viimsis j\u00e4rgnes kutsele 19 meest, v\u00e4hemalt 43 p\u00f5genes aga \u00fcle lahe ja liitus Soome armeega. 1944. aasta suve l\u00f5pul p\u00f5genes Viimsi k\u00fcladest \u00fcle mere rohkem kui 200 inimest.
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The Soviet occupation radically changed the lives of coastal fishermen.
The coasts were sealed off as part of the Soviet border zone. Restrictions were established on fi shing. The larger boats were confiscated. In 1941, 111 men from Viimsi were mobilised into the Red Army. Restrictions on the lives of fishermen were eased during the German occupation, yet mobilisation into the German Army soon began. In Viimsi, 19 men obeyed the mobilisation order but at least 43 fled across the Gulf of Finland and enlisted in the Finnish Army. At the end of the summer of 1944, more than 200 people from Viimsi hamlets fled across the sea.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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P\u00fc\u00fcnsi sadam 1942. a. Peatselt p\u00f5genesid 63 P\u00fc\u00fcnsi ja Rohuneeme k\u00fcla elanikku oma suurte kalapaatidega Rootsi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

P\u00fc\u00fcnsi harbour in 1942. Shortly thereafter, 63 residents of P\u00fc\u00fcnsi
and Rohuneeme hamlet fled to Sweden in their large fishing boats.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: P\u00fc\u00fcnsi <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Rootsi j\u00f5udnud p\u00f5genike paadid anti p\u00e4rast s\u00f5da N\u00f5ukogude Liidule v\u00e4lja ja viidi tagasi Eestisse.<\/strong><\/p>

The boats of the refugees who arrived in Sweden were given to the Soviet Union after the war and were taken back to Estonia.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: erakogu
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Merre paigaldatud miiniv\u00f5rk, veepinnal on n\u00e4htaval ujukid. Naissaare p\u00f5hjarannikult p\u00f5genejad pidid arvestama vees varitsevate ohtudega nagu meremiinid, allveelaevade p\u00fc\u00fcnised jm.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Network of mines laid in the sea. People who fled from the northern shore of Naissaar had to account for dangers lurking in the water such as sea mines, anti-submarine nets, and other such dangers. Floats are visible on the water surface.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RRM <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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NAISSAAR \/ NARG\u00d6<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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1939. aastal elas Naissaarel ca 250 eesti ja rootsi rahvusest elanikku. Juunikuus 1940 saabusid saarele N\u00f5ukogude s\u00f5jav\u00e4elased ja 10. juulil teatati, et kohalikud elanikud peavad k\u00fcmne p\u00e4eva jooksul kodusaarelt lahkuma. Enamik peresid l\u00e4ks Tallinna ning Kakum\u00e4e ja Viimsi rannak\u00fcladesse, 14 inimest p\u00f5genes kolme kalapaadiga Soome kaudu Stockholmi. Naissaar muudeti tervikuna N\u00f5ukogude s\u00f5jav\u00e4ebaasiks.
Oktoobris 1941, kui N\u00f5ukogude okupatsioon oli asendunud Saksa\u00a0 \u00fclemv\u00f5imuga, lubati elanikel saarele tagasi tulla, kuid merre paigaldatud
miiniv\u00f5rk muutis kalap\u00fc\u00fcgi riskantseks. Lisaks sakslastele paiknes s\u00f5ja ajal saarel ka nende liitlaste Soome 16-liikmeline merevaatluspost. 1943. aasta s\u00fcgisel hakkasid perekonnad Saksa mobilisatsioonist hoidumiseks p\u00f5genema. Oma valvekordade ajal aitasid soomlased kohalikel Rootsi s\u00f5japakku p\u00f5geneda. Kooli\u00f5petaja Erik Schmidt riputas kooli uksele kirja \u201eL\u00e4ksin linna kartuleid tooma\u201c. Tegelikult oli ta saanud mobilisatsioonik\u00e4su ja p\u00f5genes 19. oktoobril kogu perega Rootsi.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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In 1939, about 250 residents of Estonian and Swedish nationalities lived on Naissaar Island. Soviet military personnel arrived on the island in June of 1940. It was announced on 10 July that the local residents had to leave their home island in ten days. Most of the families went to Tallinn and the coastal villages of Kakum\u00e4e and Viimsi. Fourteen people fled to Stockholm via Finland in three fishing boats. The whole of Naissaar was turned into a Soviet military base. <\/span><\/p>

In October of 1941, when the Soviet occupation had been replaced by German rule, the islanders were allowed to return to the island but the network of mines that had been laid in the sea made fishing a risky venture.
In addition to the Germans, their ally Finland had a 16-member marine observation station on the island during the war. In the autumn of 1943, families started fleeing in order to evade the German mobilisation. On their watch, the Finns helped locals to flee to Sweden to find refuge from war.
The schoolteacher Erik Schmidt hung a sign on the school door that read \u2018Gone to town to buy potatoes\u2019. He had actually received a mobilisation order and fled with his entire family to Sweden on 19 October.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Soomlaste merevaatlus- ja m\u00f5\u00f5tepost Naissaare p\u00f5hjaotsas.<\/strong><\/p>

Finnish marine observation and measurement station at the northern tip of Naissaar.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RRM
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4. novembril 1943 lahkus Viktor Roseni paat Naissaarelt. Paati mahutati ka majakraam, kalav\u00f5rgud, r\u00f5ivad ja isegi jalgratas. Margit Roseni joonistus.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Viktor Rosen\u2019s boat left Naissaar on 4 November 1943. Household effects, fishing nets, clothing, and even a bicycle was fit into the boat. Drawing by Margit Rosen.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: erakogu <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Rosenite paat Roslagenis \u2013 paat peideti \u00e4ra ja seda ei saadetud Eestisse tagasi.<\/strong><\/p>

The Rosen family boat in Roslagen\u2013 the boat was hidden, and it was not sent back to Estonia.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: erakogu
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1944. aasta 4. veebruaril anti Naissaare elanikele korraldus s\u00f5jaolukorra t\u00f5ttu Saksamaale evakueeruda. 6. veebruariks kell 12 pidid elanikud olema saarelt lahkunud. Mitmed noormehed olid saanud mobilisatsiooni k\u00e4su. Vallandus suur p\u00f5genemine – rasketes oludes l\u00e4bi talvise mere. Ametlikult oli lubatud l\u00e4henevate N\u00f5ukogude v\u00e4gede eest vaid Saksamaale evakueeruda ja salaja \u00fcle Soome lahe suunduvad p\u00f5genikud riskisid v\u00f5imalusega saada Saksa merev\u00e4elaste poolt tabatud. M\u00f5nel perel \u00f5nnestus Rootsi p\u00e4\u00e4seda koos rannarootslastega, kes said kodumaalt lahkuda Rootsi ja Saksamaa vahelise kokkuleppe alusel. Osa naissaarlasi j\u00e4i Eestisse.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The order was issued on 4 February 1944 to the residents of Naissaar to evacuate to Germany due to the war situation. The residents were to depart from the island by 12 o\u2019clock on 6 February 1944. Officially, they were only allowed to evacuate to Germany to escape the approaching Soviet forces. Refugees secretly fleeing across the Gulf of Finland risked being caught by German naval seamen. Some families succeeded in escaping to Sweden together with coastal Swedes, who were allowed to leave their homeland on the basis of an agreement between Sweden and Germany. Some Naissaar islanders remained in Estonia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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1944. a veebruaris juhtis julge 32-aastane noor naine Elmeri Lillevars paadi \u00fcle talvise mere Hankosse, pardal kaks poega ja veel m\u00f5ned p\u00f5genikud. S\u00f5jaeelse meenutusena paat \u201eLinda\u201c veel Naissaare L\u00f5unak\u00fcla all ja Elmeri Rosen Lillevars koos abikaasa ja vanema pojaga. Perepea Edgar Lillevars mobiliseeriti 1941 Punaarmeesse ja j\u00e4i kadunuks.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

In February of 1944, a courageous 32-year-old young woman named Elmeri Lillevars piloted a boat across the winter sea to Hank\u00f6 with her two sons and a few other refugees on board. As a prewar recollection, here we see Rosen and Elmeri Lillevars with their eldest son and the boat Linda still at L\u00f5unak\u00fcla hamlet on Naissaar. The head of the family Edgar Lillevars was mobilised into the Red Army in 1941 and went missing in action.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: erakogu <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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\u00d6\u00f6l vastu 6. veebruari p\u00f5genesid Axel Bertelsoni paadiga viimased kaks P\u00f5hjak\u00fcla peret \u2013 4 t\u00e4iskasvanut ja 3 last. Kui N\u00f5ukogude s\u00f5jav\u00e4elased s\u00fcgisel Naissaarele j\u00f5udsid, oli saar inimt\u00fchi.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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On the night before 6 February, the last two families from P\u00f5hjak\u00fcla hamlet fled in Axel Bertelson\u2019s boat \u2013 4 adults and 3 children. When Soviet soldiers arrived on Naissaar in the autumn, the island was deserted.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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PRANGLI JA AKSI<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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PRANGLI AND AKSI<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Saareelanike tulevik oli ebakindel juba enne s\u00f5ja algust. 14. juunil 1940 olid Prangli kalurid tunnistajaks, kui N\u00f5ukogude lennuk tulistas alla Tallinna\u2013 Helsingi liinilennuki Kaleva. Teati, et naissaarlased sunniti kodudest lahkuma ja kardeti sama saatuse kordumist. Punaarmee Eestist p\u00f5genemisel j\u00f5udis 24. augustil 1941 saare idaranda pommitabamuse saanud laev \u201eEestirand\u201c mobiliseeritud meestega pardal. Saksa v\u00f5imud alustasid oma mobilisatsioonidega ning 1943. a p\u00f5genes 14 Prangli noormeest selle eest \u00fcle mere ja liitus Soome armeega.
Aksi saarel asus piirkonna t\u00e4htsaim paadiehituskeskus. S\u00f5ja ajal oli Aksi paljudele mandrilt tulnud p\u00f5genikele h\u00fcppelauaks \u2013 saarelt oli kergem p\u00f5genemist alustada, \u00fclevedusid korraldati juba 1943. a kevadest. Endel Aksbergi pere kolis Aksilt Soome Pirttisaarele ja s\u00fcgisel 1943 Trutlandeti saarele. Nende kodu oli p\u00f5genike vastuv\u00f5tupunkt, Endel tegi kokku 22 p\u00f5genikereisi.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The future of the islanders was already uncertain before the start of the war. On 14 June 1940, Prangli fishermen witnessed how a Soviet aircraft shot down the passenger airliner Kaleva, which was flying from Tallinn to Helsinki. They knew that the islanders of Naissaar had been forced to leave their homes and the people of Prangli feared a repeat of that same fate. While the Red Army was fleeing from Estonia, the ship Eestirand with mobilised men on board arrived at the island\u2019s eastern shore on 24 August 1941 after being hit by a bomb. The German authorities started their own mobilisations and in 1943, 14 young men from Prangli fled from the mobilisation across the sea and enlisted in the Finnish Army.
The region\u2019s most important boat-building center was on Aksi Island. During the war, Aksi was a springboard for many refugees from the mainland \u2013 it was easier to start the voyage abroad from the island. Trips were already organised starting from the spring of 1943 to ferry refugees across the gulf. Endel Aksberg\u2019s family moved from Aksi to Pirttisaar in Finland and in the autumn of 1943 on to Trutlandet Island. Their home was a station for receiving refugees. Endel made a total of 22 trips to ferry refugees.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Aksi-Madise sadam umbes 1930. Vasakul Aleksander ja Rosine Aksberg nooremate laste Elleni ja Helmutiga.<\/strong><\/p>

Aksi-Madise harbour around 1930. Aleksander and Rosine Aksberg are on the left with their younger children Ellen and Helmut.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RRM
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N\u00f5ukogude v\u00e4gede l\u00e4henedes p\u00f5genes Pranglilt ja Aksilt kokku v\u00e4hemalt 164 inimest \u2013 umbes kolmandik saarte toonasest elanikkonnast. Aksi-Madise Aksbergide pere (eestindatult Aaslepp) seadis septembris 1944 \u00fche mootorpaadi merek\u00f5lblikuks. \u00d6\u00f6 jooksul kogunes saarele \u00fcle 30 inimese. Helmut Aksberg kirjutab: \u201eP\u00e4ikeseloojangu ajaks olime \u00e4ras\u00f5iduks valmis, kuid papat, isa Aleksandrit, ei olnud kohal. Ta oli oreli juures \u2013 m\u00e4ngis viimase loo ja lahkus.\u201c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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About a third of the population of those islands at that time \u2013 at least 164 people in total \u2013 fled from Prangli and Aksi as Soviet forces approached. The Aksberg family (Aaslepp after their name was Estonianised) of Aksi-Madise made a motorboat seaworthy in September of 1944. More than 30 people gathered on the island overnight. \u2018We were ready to depart by sunset but papa, the family father Aleksander, was missing. He was at the organ \u2013 he played his last piece of music and left.\u2019<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Ehitusj\u00e4rgus paat Aksi-Madise \u00f5uel 1942. a suvel. Kajutilael Helmut Aksberg, paadi k\u00f5rval Verner karkudega. 1941. a oli Aksilt konfiskeeritud 4 suuremat paati ning vennad Verner ja Helmut hakkasid uut paati ehitama. T\u00f6\u00f6 j\u00e4i pooleli, sest vennad vangistati \u201eSoome s\u00f5itude\u201c s\u00fc\u00fcdistusega. Endel Aksberg pukseeris paadi salaja Soome ja tegi korda. Sellest sai p\u00f5genikeveo paat.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

A boat under construction in the yard of Aksi-Madise in the summer of 1942. Helmut Aksberg is on the cabin ceiling. Verner is on crutches beside the boat. Four large boats had been confiscated from Aksi in 1941 and the brothers Verner and Helmut started building a new boat. The work remained unfinished because the brothers were imprisoned under the accusation of making \u2018voyages to Finland\u2019. Endel Aksberg secretly towed the boat to Finland and finished building it. It became a boat for ferrying refugees.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RRM <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Kaasa v\u00f5eti nii palju inimesi kui v\u00f5imalik, kuid ei mingeid suuri pakke. Tuli valida inimhinged, ja neid maksimaalselt. Paati mahutati umbes kaksk\u00fcmmend inimest v\u00f5i rohkemgi. Ilm oli ilus ja \u00f6\u00f6 varjus s\u00f5ideti esmalt Soome poole. Hommikuvalguses j\u00f5uti Helsingi l\u00e4hedasele Eestinluoto saarele, seal elasid pere kauged sugulased. P\u00e4rast l\u00fchikest peatust paadisadamas ja kohtumist Soome rannavalvega, tuli neile appi perekonna noorim poeg Erkki. Ta oli kodumaalt lahkunud juba varem ja osalenud J\u00e4tkus\u00f5jas. Ta v\u00f5ttis oma mootorpaadi, s\u00f5itis ees ja juhatas teed Soome p\u00f5genike vastuv\u00f5tupunkti Jollases. Seal astusid enamik k\u00fc\u00fcti saanud
kaasp\u00f5genikest maale, abistajatega s\u00f5nagi r\u00e4\u00e4kimata, lootuses mugavamalt edasi reisida.
Kuna Soome-Vene vaheline J\u00e4tkus\u00f5da oli neil p\u00e4evil l\u00f5ppenud, siis 19. septembrist kehtiva vaherahu kohaselt pidi Punaarmee l\u00e4hip\u00e4evadel Porkkala ja Hang\u00f6 aladele sisse marssima. P\u00f5genikud pidid neist paigust enne m\u00f6\u00f6duma. Edasis\u00f5it Rootsi suunas arenes l\u00e4bi Soome saarestiku takistusteta. Ahvenamaa l\u00e4\u00e4nepoolsest lootsijaamast lahkuti reede \u00f5htul pimeduse varjus ja hommikuvalguses paistis silmapiiril Rootsi. Seal ootas p\u00f5genikke Rootsi p\u00e4\u00e4stelaev \u201e\u00d6rsk\u00e4r\u201c.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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As many people as possible were taken along but no large baggage was brought on board. Human souls had to be prioritised to the maximum. About twenty or more people were fit into the boat. The weather was fine, and the boat went first toward Finland under cover of night. In the morning light, they reached Eestinluoto Island near Helsinki. That is where the family\u2019s distant relatives lived. After a brief stop at the boat harbour and an encounter with Finnish border guards, the family\u2019s youngest son Erkki came to their assistance. He had already left his homeland earlier and had participated in Finland\u2019s Continuation War. He took the lead in his own motorboat and guided them to a Finnish refugee reception station in Jollase. There most of their fellow refugees who had been brought across the sea stepped ashore without saying a word to those who had helped them, hoping to continue their journey in more comfortable conditions.
Since the Continuation War between Finland and Russia had ended in those days, according to the armistice that went into effect on 19 September, the Red Army was to march into the regions of Porkkala and Hank\u00f6 in the next few days. The refugees had to get past those areas before that happened. Their voyage onward in the direction of Sweden continued through the Finnish archipelago without hindrances. They departed from \u00c5land\u2019s western pilot station on Friday evening under cover of darkness and Sweden appeared on the horizon in the morning light. There the Swedish rescue ship \u00d6rsk\u00e4r awaited the refugees.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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P\u00f5genike paadid Rootsi merev\u00e4e aluse slepis \u00d6regrundis s\u00fcgisel 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

Boats belonging to refugees being towed by a Swedish naval vessel, \u00d6regrund, autumn of 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: \u00a9 Aftonbladet Bild\/IBL
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Aksbergi vennad 1947. a metsas paati ehitamas. Paat tehti suur \u2013 et sinna mahuks kogu perekond, kui oleks vaja olnud edasi Kanadasse p\u00f5geneda. Perekond aga j\u00e4i Rootsi paigale.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The Aksberg brothers building a boat in the woods in 1947. The boat was large \u2013 so that the entire family could fit on board in case it would become necessary to flee onward to
Canada. However, the family remained in Sweden.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RRM <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Verner Aksberg kihutab 1947. aastal Eesti lipuga Stockholmis Liding\u00f6 silla all.<\/strong><\/p>

Verner Aksberg races under the Liding\u00f6 bridge in Stockholm flying an Estonian flag in 1947.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RRM
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Aksbergid 1947. aastal Rootsis. Paremal seisab Endel.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The Aksbergs in Sweden in 1947. Endel stands on the right.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RRM <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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TARTU<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Koostaja\/Compiled by: Martin Jaigma<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Augusti keskpaigas 1944 j\u00f5udis s\u00f5ja\u00e4revus, mida toitsid kulutulena levivad kuulujutud, taas Tartusse. Paljudel juhtudel t\u00e4hendas see v\u00e4hem v\u00f5i rohkem keerulist pagemisteed p\u00f5hja- v\u00f5i l\u00e4\u00e4nerannikule. \u00dchtset skeemi ei olnud \u2013 kas p\u00f5geneti, oldi mobiliseeritud t\u00f6\u00f6- v\u00f5i v\u00e4eteenistusse, evakueeritud v\u00f5i r\u00e4nnati v\u00e4lja mingil muul p\u00f5hjusel. Tartus toonaste s\u00fcndmuste tunnistaja literaat Jaan Roos kirjeldab, kuidas kord registreeriti lapsi ja naisi s\u00f5iduks l\u00e4bi Paldiski Soome, mis osutus t\u00fchjaks lubaduseks, kord k\u00f5las k\u00e4sk evakueerida linna Emaj\u00f5e l\u00f5unapoolne k\u00fclg, kord kahe tunni jooksul kogu linn, kusjuures k\u00e4su eirajad lubati maha lasta, samuti \u00f5hku lasta linna suurimad hooned. Samal ajal manitses N\u00f5ukogude propagandaraadio inimesi linnast mitte lahkuma \u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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War anxiety fed by rumours that spread like wildfire reached Tartu again in mid-August of 1944. In many cases, that meant a more or less difficult exodus route to the northern or western coast. There was no single approach \u2013 people fled, were mobilised into labour service or military service, were evacuated, or emigrated for some other reason. The man of letters Jaan Roos witnessed the events of that time in Tartu. He describes how children and women were once registered to be taken via Paldiski to Finland, which proved to be an empty promise. On another occasion, the order was issued to evacuate the side of the city on the southern bank of the Emaj\u00f5gi River, while another order stated that the entire city had to be evacuated within two hours, whereas people who disobeyed the order were to be shot, and the city\u2019s largest buildings were to be blown up. At the same time, Soviet propaganda radio urged people not to leave the city\u2026<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Tartu jaama p\u00f5genejaist tulvil perroon augustis 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

Passenger platform at Tartu railway station crowded with refugees, August 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: erakogu, <\/strong><\/p>

autor \/ author: E. Soovere<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Punaarmee vallutas Tartu 25. augustil 1944. Selleks ajaks oli linnaelanikkond suures osas juba evakueerunud. Lahkunud olid linnav\u00f5imu ametkonnad, aga ka muud Tartu s\u00fcmbolid, n\u00e4iteks ajaleht \u201ePostimees\u201c, mille 25. augusti number andis teada, et \u201eBol\u0161evistliku vaenlase roimarlik katse vallutada meie v\u00e4ikest Eestit on sundinud ka \u201ePostimeest\u201c ajutiselt siirduma p\u00f5lisest asukohast Tartu linnast Viljandi linna.\u201c \u00dclikooli rektoraat lahkus Tartust 24. augustil, ametlikult l\u00f5petas Tallinnasse suundunud rektor Edgar Kant \u00fclikooli tegevuse 18. septembril.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The Red Army captured Tartu on 25 August 1944. By that time, city residents had largely already been evacuated. The agencies of the municipal authorities had also left along with other symbols of Tartu, such as the Postimees newspaper. Its edition of 25 August announced that \u2018the bolshevist enemy\u2019s criminal attempt to capture our little Estonia has forced the Postimees to also move temporarily from its native location in the city of Tartu to the city of Viljandi\u2019. The rector\u2019s office of the university left Tartu on 24 August. Rector Edgar Kant went to Tallinn and officially terminated the activity of the university on 18 September.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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P\u00f5genikevoorid teel J\u00f5gevale augustis 1944.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Refugees on their way to J\u00f5geva, August 1944.

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Illustratsioon \/ illustration: erakogu, <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

autor \/ author: E. Soovere<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Tartu langes Punaarmee k\u00e4tte 25. augustil 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

The Red Army captured Tartu on 25 August 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: Ra
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Teatri Vanemuine orkestri dirigent Eduard Tubin (paremal) katmas teatri fassaadi \u00f5hur\u00fcnnakute kartuses kamuflaa\u017e v\u00e4rviga mais 1944.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Eduard Tubin (on the right), conductor of the Vanemuine Theatre Orchestra, covering the theatre facade with camouflage paint in fear of air raids in May 1944.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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S\u00f5jas purustatud Tartu \u00fclikooli peahoone oktoobris 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

The main building of the University of Tartu damaged in the war, October 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA
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1941. a s\u00f5jasuvi oli Tartu \u00fclikooli suhteliselt kergelt riivanud, enamik \u00fclikooli hallatavast 172 hoonest oli alles. Isegi peahoone oli imetabasel kombel m\u00fcrsutabamustest puutumata, ehkki kaks n\u00e4dalat rindelinnaks olemist oli suure osa linnas\u00fcdamikust varemeteks muutnud. \u00dclikooli \u00f5ppet\u00f6\u00f6 oli seoses \u00fcldmobilisatsiooniga katkenud juba 1944. a m\u00e4rtsis ning sama kuu l\u00f5pus langes linn Punaarmee massiivse \u00f5hur\u00fcnnaku ohvriks. See andis paljudele t\u00f5uke linnast lahkuda ning otsida pidepunkti mujal Eestis. Juba kevadel oli alanud ka Tartu \u00fclikooli varade ning t\u00f6\u00f6tajate p\u00e4\u00e4stmine, mille eestvedajaks sai kunstiajaloo professor Armin Tuulse, hiljem etnograaf Gustav R\u00e4nk.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The war in the summer of 1941 had affected the University of Tartu relatively little. Most of the 172 buildings administered by the university survived. Even its main building was miraculously spared from artillery strikes regardless of the fact that two weeks as a front-line city had reduced a sizable part of the city centre to ruins. Teaching had already ceased at the university in connection with the general mobilisation in March of 1944. The city suffered a massive Red Army bombing raid at the end of that same month. That provided the impetus for many to leave the city and seek shelter elsewhere in Estonia. The rescue of the property and employees of the University of Tartu had also already begun in the spring. Professor of Art History Armin Tuulse led those efforts, followed later by the ethnographer Gustav R\u00e4nk.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Professor Armin Tuulse koos poja Taneliga kodus Tartus Jakobsoni t\u00e4naval, 1943\u20131944.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Professor Armin Tuulse together with his son Tanel at home in Tartu on Jakobson Street, 1943\u20131944.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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\u00d5nneks l\u00e4ks eestlastest ametnikel korda v\u00e4\u00e4rata Saksa v\u00f5imude plaan viia \u00fclikool \u00fcle Warthegausse (t\u00e4nasel Poola alal, keskusega Poznanis) ning hiljem K\u00f6nigsbergi. \u00dclikooli varad ja inimesed hajutati \u00fcle Eesti: Haapsalu\u2013Uuem\u00f5isa, Viljandi- ja P\u00f5hja-Tartumaale, Tallinnasse. Selle k\u00e4igus lahkus Tartust umbes 400 \u00fclikooliga seotud inimest. Septembris, teise N\u00f5ukogude okupatsiooni alguses, oli Tartus v\u00e4idetavalt kohal ainult \u00fcks \u00f5ppej\u00f5ud \u2013 \u00f5igusteaduste professor Elmar Ilus. Alles oktoobris, kui Haapsalust naasis 281 arstiteaduskonna t\u00f6\u00f6tajat, kes polnud Eestist lahkunud, sai m\u00f5elda \u00fclikooli avamise peale. \u00dclikooli t\u00f6\u00f6 taastati 24. oktoobril 1944.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Fortunately, Estonian officials succeeded in averting the plans of the German authorities to transfer the university to Warthegau (in present-day Polish territory with its centre in Poznan) and later to K\u00f6nigsberg. University property and its employees were spread throughout Estonia: to Haapsalu- Uuem\u00f5isa, Viljandi and Northern Tartu counties, and Tallinn. Together with the university, around 400 people associated with the university left Tartu. One lecturer \u2013 the law professor Elmar Ilus \u2013 was reportedly the only one who remained in Tartu in September at the start of the second Soviet occupation. It was not until October, when 281 employees from the Faculty of Medicine, who had not left Estonia, returned from Haapsalu, that the opening of the university could even be considered. The university began operating once again on 24 October 1944.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Tartu \u00fclikooli rahvaluule arhiivi (t\u00e4nase Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumi) evakueeritud varade vedu Palivere jaamast Liivi algkooli, 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

Transportation of property that had been evacuated from the University of Tartu folklore archive (currently at the Estonian Literary Museum) from Palivere station to Liivi elementary school, 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: KIRMUS
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P\u00d5GENEMINE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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FLIGHT<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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1944. a s\u00fcgisel p\u00f5geneti nii Rootsi kui Saksamaale, kuid Tartu intelligents v\u00f5ttis eelissuuna Rootsi poole. Seda toetasid sealsed eestlaste juhitud abiorganisatsioonid, mille eesm\u00e4rgiks oli p\u00e4\u00e4sta Eesti haritlaskond. Samas oli Tartust p\u00e4rit inimeste osakaal m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rne ka Saksamaal asuvates pagulaslaagrites, n\u00e4iteks Geislingenis.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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People fled to both Sweden and Germany in the autumn of 1944, yet the preferred destination of Tartu\u2019s intellectuals was Sweden. Sweden\u2019s aid organisations run by Estonians supported that development. Its aim was to save Estonia\u2019s intellectuals. At the same time, the relative proportion of people from Tartu at the numerous refugee camps in Germany was also considerable, for instance in Geislingen.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Eesti agronoomid Geislingenis agronoomide ja p\u00f5llumeeste p\u00e4eva puhul. Teiste hulgas varasemad Tartu \u00dclikooli professorid.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Estonian agronomists in Geislingen on the occasion of agronomists\u2019 and farmers\u2019 day. Among others are former University of Tartu professors.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Professor Armin Tuulse oli juba 1930. aastail oma teadust\u00f6\u00f6 raames Rootsis tegutsenud ning n\u00fc\u00fcd kostis tema ning teiste haritlaste eest Rootsi riigiarhivaar Sigurd Curman. T\u00e4nu sellele \u00f5nnestus mitmetel haritlastel suunduda Rootsi mootorpurjekal \u201eJuhan\u201c, mis oli Saksa v\u00f5imudelt saanud loa rannarootslaste evakueerimiseks. Lisaks professor Tuulse perekonnale j\u00f5udis sama laevaga Rootsi n\u00e4iteks professor Aadu L\u00fc\u00fcs, kes oli olnud Tartu \u00fclikooli arstiteaduskonna dekaan. Septembris j\u00f5udsid Rootsi ka helilooja Eduard Tubin ning Tartu \u00fclikooli rektor Edgar Kant, kes lahkus koos presidendi kohuset\u00e4itja J\u00fcri Uluotsaga.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Professor Armin Tuulse had already worked in Sweden within the framework of his research work in the 1930s. Now Sweden\u2019s National Archivist Sigurd Curman vouched for him and other intellectuals. For that reason, several intellectuals succeeded in going to Sweden on board the motor sailboat Juhan, which had received permission from the German authorities to evacuate the coastal Swedes. In addition to the family of Professor Tuulse, Professor Aadu L\u00fc\u00fcs, who had served as dean of the University of Tartu Faculty of Medicine, arrived in Sweden on board the same ship. The composer Eduard Tubin and the Rector of the University of Tartu Edgar Kant, who left together with J\u00fcri Uluots, the Prime Minister of Estonia in the duties of President, also reached Sweden in September.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Mootorpurjekas \u201eJuhan\u201c Rootsis Vikingshillis 28. mail 1945 enne v\u00e4lja andmist NSV Liidule.<\/strong><\/p>

The motor sailboat Juhan at Vikingshill in Sweden, 28 May 1945 before it was handed over to the Soviet Union.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: GM
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Tartu \u00fclikooli rektor professor Edgar Kant, 29.01.1942.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Professor Edgar Kant, Rector of the University of Tartu, 29 January 1942.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Oli ka neid, kellel ei l\u00e4inud k\u00f5ik plaanikohaselt. Plaan laevaga Rootsi p\u00f5geneda luhtus n\u00e4iteks kirjanik Friedebert Tuglasel ja tema abikaasal Elo Tuglasel. Suvel 1944 pagesid nad l\u00e4heneva Punaarmee eest esmalt Viljandimaale ja sealt Tallinnasse, kus peatuti Marie Underi ning Artur Adsoni juures. Under ja Adson p\u00e4\u00e4sesid Tallinnast veel mootorpurjekas \u201eTriina\u201c pardale 20. septembril, mis oli viimane Saksa v\u00f5imudega koosk\u00f5lastatud reis rannarootslaste evakueerimiseks. Tuglased sinna peale aga ei mahtunud ning paar lahkus Tallinnast, proovides \u00f5nne l\u00e4\u00e4nerannikul, aga sedagi ei krooninud edu. L\u00f5puks suunduti jalgsi tagasi Viljandi poole, N\u00f5ukogude v\u00f5imu haardest enam ei p\u00e4\u00e4setud.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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There were also those for whom everything did not go according to plans. For instance, the plan of the writer Fridebert Tuglas and his wife Elo Tuglas to flee by ship to Sweden came to nought. They fled to Viljandi County ahead of the advancing Red Army in the summer of 1944 and from there to Tallinn, where they stayed with Marie Under and Artur Adson. Under and Adson made it on board the motor sailboat Triina, which left Tallinn on 20 September and was the last voyage for evacuating coastal Swedes that had been agreed to with the German authorities. There was no space on board for the Tuglases and the couple left Tallinn, trying their luck on the west coast, but that did not succeed either. Finally, they went back towards Viljandi on foot. They could no longer escape the grasp of the Soviet regime.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Laev \u201eTriina\u201c s\u00f5jap\u00f5genikega v\u00e4ljas\u00f5idul Tallinna sadamast, tagaplaanil vesilennukite angaarid, 20. september 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

The ship Triina with war refugees on board at its departure from Tallinn\u2019s harbour. The seaplane hangars are in the background, 20 September 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA
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Friedebert ja Elo Tuglas 1944. a. s\u00fcgisel rinde jalust p\u00f5genemas.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Friedebert and Elo Tuglas fleeing from the front in the autumn of 1944.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: KIRMUS <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Tehti aga ka teistsuguseid otsuseid. P\u00e4rast s\u00f5ja l\u00f5ppu 1945. a p\u00f6\u00f6rdus Tartusse tagasi mobiliseerituna Saksamaale sattunud f\u00fc\u00fcsik ja tulevane Teaduste Akadeemia liige Harald Keres, hilisem Tartu linna aukodanik ning maletaja Paul Kerese vend. Nende pere kaotas Tartus m\u00e4rtsipommitamistes oma kodu ning Haraldi t\u00fctar oli koos vanaemaga juba varem s\u00f5ja eest P\u00e4rnumaale saadetud. Augustis asus Harald koos naisega jalgratastega ka ise teele, alguses Haapsallu, siis Tallinnasse. Tallinnas v\u00f5eti Harald Saksa v\u00f5imude poolt merev\u00e4e abiteenistuslaste hooldus\u00f5petajaks ning evakueeriti \u00fcksuse koosseisus transpordilaevaga Saksamaale. P\u00e4rast s\u00f5ja l\u00f5ppu otsustas Harald Keres mitte l\u00e4\u00e4nde suunduda, vaid hoopis Eestisse tagasi seigelda, mis tal ka \u00f5nnestus.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Other kinds of decisions were also made. After the end of the war in 1945, the physicist and future member of the Academy of Sciences Harald Keres, who had been mobilised and taken to Germany, returned to Tartu. Harald was the brother of the chess master Paul Keres and was later made an honorary citizen of the city of Tartu. Their family had lost their home in Tartu when the city was bombed in March of 1944. Harald\u2019s daughter had already been sent to P\u00e4rnu County with her grandmother earlier to keep them out of harm\u2019s way. In August, Harald left Tartu together with his wife by bicycle, first to Haapsalu and then to Tallinn. In Tallinn, the German authorities hired Harald as pastoral support teacher for men in the navy auxiliary service. He was evacuated in the ranks of that unit on a transport ship to Germany. After the end of the war, Harald Keres decided not to go to the West, but rather to return to Estonia. He succeeded in that adventure.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Harald Kerese doktorit\u00f6\u00f6 kaitsmine Tartu \u00fclikooli aulas <\/strong><\/p>

3. oktoobril 1947.<\/strong><\/p>

Defense of Harald Keres\u2019 doctoral thesis in University of Tartu hall on October 3, 1947.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: \u00dcAM F 466:352 F<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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T\u00e4pseid arve ja usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rset statistikat, kuhu ja kui palju Tartu kandi inimesi 1944. a s\u00fcgisel Eestist v\u00e4lja liikus, praegu pole. 1941. a oli Tartu elanike arv 59 500, 1945. a \u00fcksnes 34 000. S\u00f5da oli oluliselt muutnud nii linna v\u00e4list ilmet kui ka demograafi list pilti.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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There currently are no exact figures and reliable statistics on how many people from the Tartu area left Estonia in the autumn of 1944 and where they went. The population of Tartu was 59,500 in 1941, but only 34,000 in 1945. The war had significantly altered the city\u2019s external appearance as well as its demographic structure.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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LAHKUMINE TALLINNAST<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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FLIGHT FROM TALLINN<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Koostaja\/Compiled by: Meelis Maripuu, \u00dclle Kraft, Aivar Niglas<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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1944. aasta aprillis, kui Punaarmee surus Eesti piiridele, oli Saksa v\u00e4ejuhatus otsustanud Tallinna v\u00e4lja ehitada \u201ekindlustatud linnaks\u201c (Fester Platz), mis pidanuks pikemat aega vastu pidama vastase r\u00fcnnakutele. Soome vaherahu NSV Liiduga 4. septembril ning v\u00e4ljumine s\u00f5jast j\u00e4ttis siinse rinde p\u00f5hjatiiva kaitseta ning muutis s\u00f5jalist olukorda drastiliselt. Kuigi Hitler oli andnud k\u00e4su rinnet iga hinna eest hoida, alustas maav\u00e4gede juhtkond kiireid ettevalmistusi Eestist taandumiseks. 14. septembril alustas Punaarmee siinses piirkonnas ulatuslikku pealetungi.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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In April of 1944, when the Red Army approached Estonia\u2019s borders, German Army Command had decided to turn Tallinn into a \u2018fortified city\u2019 (Fester Platz), which was meant to withstand enemy attacks at length. Finland\u2019s ceasefire with the Soviet Union on 4 September and its exit from the war left the northern flank of the front in Estonia defenceless and drastically altered the military situation. Although Hitler had issued an order to hold the front at all costs, German Ground Forces Command started rapid preparations for retreating from Estonia. On 14 September, the Red Army launched an extensive offensive in the region around Estonia.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Punaarmee vanemleitnant J. Strut\u0161enkovi tankibrigaad Tallinna l\u00e4histel.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Red Army First Lieutenant J. Strut\u0161enkov\u2019s tank brigade near Tallinn.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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16. septembril andis Hitler siiski n\u00f5usoleku evakueerimisplaani \u201eAster\u201c k\u00e4ivitamiseks, kuna vastasel korral \u00e4hvardas kogu v\u00e4egruppi Nord kotti j\u00e4\u00e4mine. Algse kava kohaselt pidi Tallinna evakueerimiseks kuluma 12 p\u00e4eva, kuid Punaarmee \u00fcha tugevneva surve all viidi see l\u00e4bi kuue p\u00e4evaga. 28. septembriks oli juba kogu Mandri-Eesti langenud N\u00f5ukogude okupatsiooni alla.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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On 16 September, Hitler nevertheless granted his consent for implementing the Aster evacuation plan since otherwise the entire Nord Army Group was in danger of being encircled. The initial plan estimated that it would take 12 days to evacuate Tallinn, yet under ever increasing Red Army pressure, it was completed in six days. By 28 September, the Soviets already occupied all of continental Estonia.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Saksa komandantuuri sildi mahav\u00f5tmine Harju t\u00e4nav 13 hoonelt.<\/strong><\/p>

The German Commandant\u2019s Offi ce sign is taken down from the building at Harju Street 13.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: TLM<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Suitsupilv Tallinna kohal.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Cloud of smoke above Tallinn.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: TLM
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17. septembril algas Punaarmee r\u00fcnnak Emaj\u00f5e rindel ja see murti l\u00e4bi. Tallinna evakueerimist pidi ca 10 000 mehega katma kindral Gerocki lahingugrupp, kellele allutati ka Tallinna komandandi, kindralmajori Artur Bisle ja Paldiski komandandi lahingugrupid. Evakuatsiooni korraldamise p\u00f5hiraskus langes Idapoolse L\u00e4\u00e4nemere Admiralile, (Kommandierender Admiral \u00f6stliche Ostsee) viitseadmiral Theodor Burchardile. Tema k\u00e4sutuses oli selleks umbes 50 erinevat ujuvvahendit, kuid neid tuli alles hakata Tallinna koondama ja suurem hulk laevu j\u00f5udis Tallinnasse alles 19. septembril. Saksa evakueerimiskomissari hinnangu kohaselt oli lisaks s\u00f5jav\u00e4elastele vaja evakueerida 35 000 isikut.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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On 17 September, the Red Army offensive along the Emaj\u00f5gi Front began and achieved a breakthrough. General Gerock\u2019s battle group of about 10,000 men was assigned to cover the evacuation of Tallinn. The battle groups of the commandants of Tallinn, Major General Artur Bisle, and Paldiski were additionally placed under Gerock\u2019s command. Vice Admiral Theodor Burchard, the Kommandierender Admiral \u00f6stliche Ostsee (Commanding Admiral of the eastern Baltic Sea), was assigned the main responsibility for organising the evacuation. He had about 50 various floating vessels at his disposal for this purpose, but they were not at Tallinn yet. He had to start having them sent to Tallinn. Most of the ships did not reach Tallinn until 19 September. According to the estimation of the German evacuation commissar, 35,000 persons had to be evacuated in addition to military personnel.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Kodumaalt p\u00f5geneda soovijad Soome saatkonna ees, lootuses saada luba.<\/strong><\/p>

People who wanted to flee from their homeland gathered in front of the Finnish Embassy in the hope of obtaining permits.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA, autor \/ author: A. Kalm<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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18. septembril tunnistati l\u00f5plikult h\u00e4davajadust alustada kiireimas korras \u00fcksuste evakueerimist ning esimesed 3000 meest saadeti teele. Sadamas avanenud pilt r\u00e4\u00e4kis selget keelt sellest, et lahkujad \u00fcritasid kaasa viia suurt hulka keelatud s\u00f5jasaaki. Kaose v\u00e4ltimiseks otsustati karmilt toimuvasse sekkuda ning j\u00e4rgmisel p\u00e4eval suudeti sadamas tagada rahuldav kord.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The urgent need to start evacuating military units as quickly as possible was finally recognised on 18 September and the first 3,000 men were sent on their way. The scene at the harbour clearly indicated that the departees were trying to take along with them a large quantity of forbidden war booty. To prevent chaos, it was decided to harshly intervene in that, which was taking place there. Satisfactory order was successfully restored at the harbour on the next day.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Admiral Pitka p\u00fc\u00fcdis organiseerida Eesti \u00fcksuste vastupanu Punaarmeele ja soovitas inimestel kodumaalt mitte p\u00f5geneda. Pitka \u00fcleskutsega lendlehtede jagamine 21. septembril 1944.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Admiral Pitka tried to organise resistance to the Red Army by Estonian units and urged people not to flee from their homeland. Distribution of flyers bearing Pitka\u2019s appeal, 21 September 1944.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA
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Arvestades v\u00e4hest laevade hulka, otsustati evakueerimist vajavad vangid paigutada mitte laevadele, vaid saata jalgsimarsil Saaremaale, kust nad hiljem meritsi evakueeriti. Klooga koonduslaagris olnud juutide osas langetas SS paraku teistsuguse otsuse, seni kavas olnud evakueerimise asemel nad hukati. Tallinna keskvanglasse oli j\u00e4\u00e4nud veel \u00fcle 1500 vangi, kes saadeti samuti jalgsimarsil l\u00e4\u00e4neranniku suunas, kuid esmalt valvemeeskond ja seej\u00e4rel ka vangid hajusid enne sihtkohta j\u00f5udmist.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Considering the small quantity of ships available, it was decided not to place prisoners in need of evacuation on ships, but rather to send them on foot to Saaremaa, from where they were later evacuated by sea. Sadly, the SS made a different decision regarding Jews at the Klooga concentration camp. They were executed instead of the evacuation that had been planned until then. More than 1,500 prisoners still remained in Tallinn\u2019s central prison. They were similarly sent to march on foot towards the western coast, but first the convoy guards and thereafter the prisoners themselves dispersed before reaching their destination.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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18. septembri \u00f5htul andis Vabariigi Presidendi \u00fclesandeid t\u00e4itev J\u00fcri Uluots Otto Tiefi le \u00fcle valitsuse moodustamise k\u00e4skkirja: \u201eSakslased taganevad Eestist. Aeg on tegutseda! Koguge kokku valitsuse liikmed ning asuge tegevusse.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>

On the evening of 18 September, J\u00fcri Uluots, acting in the duties of the President of the Republic of Estonia, handed Otto Tief the directive to form the government of the Republic of Estonia: \u2018The Germans are retreating from Estonia. Now is the time to act! Gather the members of the government together and take action.\u2019 Unfortunately, the formation of the Estonian government remained a symbolic act at that moment.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: TLM<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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EVAKUEERIMISE K\u00c4IK<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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EVACUATION PROCESS<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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19. septembril paigutati laevadele umbes 8000 inimest. Esmajoones oli tegu Virumaalt evakueeritud Balt\u00d6li t\u00f6\u00f6liste ja personaliga ning Saksa s\u00f5jav\u00e4elastega. P\u00e4eva jooksul hakkasid Tallinna saabuma t\u00fchjad laevad, mis laaditi t\u00e4is j\u00e4rgmisel p\u00e4eval. Evakueerimise tegi veelgi keerukamaks asjaolu, et merev\u00e4e alluvusse antud eesti lenduritest moodustatud lennu\u00fcksus (Aufkl\u00e4rungsfl iegegruppe 127) l\u00f5petas oma luurelennud ning evakueerimise korraldajatel puudus \u00fclevaade olukorrast rindel. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

20. september kujunes evakuatsiooni keskseks p\u00e4evaks. Tingimused olid soodsad: saabunud oli piisavalt laevu, meri oli praktiliselt tuulevaikne, N\u00f5ukogude lennuv\u00e4e tegevus pea olematu. Viiel suurel aurikul ning v\u00e4iksematel abilaevadel lahkus sel p\u00e4eval Tallinnast eri andmetel 21 000 \u2013 23 000 inimest, nende hulgas laeval \u201eWartheland\u201c Saksa tsiviilametnikud ja Saksa v\u00f5imude teenistuses olnud eestlased oma pere liikmetega. P\u00e4eva l\u00f5puks suudeti enamik sadamasse saabunuid paigutada laevadele.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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About 8,000 people were loaded onto ships on 19 September. Most of them were German military personnel along with workers and personnel from the Balt\u00d6l mines and factories who had been evacuated from Viru County. Empty ships started arriving at Tallinn over the course of the day. They were loaded up on the following day. The fact that the Aufkl\u00e4rungsfliegegruppe 127 air force unit formed out of Estonian pilots, which had been placed under the command of the navy, had discontinued its reconnaissance flights made the evacuation even more complicated since the organisers of the evacuation had no overview of the situation at the front. <\/span><\/p>

20 September turned out to be the primary day of the evacuation. The conditions were favourable: a sufficient number of ships had arrived, the sea was practically calm, and the Soviet air force was almost inactive. According to various sources, 21,000\u201323,000 people left Tallinn on that day on board five large steamships and smaller auxiliary ships. Among them, the ship Wartheland transported German civilian public servants and Estonians who had worked in the service of the German authorities, along with their family members. Most of the people who had come to the harbour were successfully loaded onto ships by the end of the day.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Eestimaa kindralkomissar Karl-Siegmund Litzmann (esiplaanil) lahkub Eestist koos teiste Saksa v\u00f5imuesindajatega laeval \u201eWartheland\u201c 20. septembril 1944.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Karl-Siegmund Litzmann, the Commissar General of Estland (in the foreground), leaves Estonia on the ship Wartheland together with other representatives of the German authorities, 20 September 1944.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: ERM
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Raskelt haige riigipea kt J\u00fcri Uluots lahkus 20. septembri hommikul Rootsi, et s\u00e4ilitada paguluses Eesti riiklikku j\u00e4rjepidevust. Otto Tiefi valitsus oli selleks ajaks juba kaks p\u00e4eva ametis olnud, kuid kohalikud Saksa v\u00f5imukandjad ei paistnud end sellest h\u00e4irida laskvat.
T\u00f5sisem ja k\u00f5igile n\u00e4htav m\u00e4rk oli sinimustvalge lipp, mis 20. septembril p\u00e4rast kindralkomissari ametkonna lahkumist Pika Hermanni torni t\u00f5mmati. Rahvas r\u00f5\u00f5mustas ning lasi sakslaste hinnangul end eksitada valedest lootustest ning alusetutest kuulujuttudest, mille tulemusena v\u00e4henes sakslaste hinnangul j\u00e4rgmisel p\u00e4eval m\u00e4rgatavalt evakueeruda soovivate eestlaste hulk<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Estonia\u2019s head of state J\u00fcri Uluots, who was seriously ill, left for Sweden on the morning of 20 September to preserve the continuity of Estonia\u2019s independent statehood in exile. By then, Otto Tief\u2019s government had already been in office for two days but the representatives of the local German authorities did not appear to let that disturb them. <\/span><\/p>

The blue, black, and white flag was a more tangible sign that was visible to all when it was hoisted at the tip of Pikk Hermann Tower on 20 September after the Commissar General\u2019s office had left. The people rejoiced. In the estimation of the Germans, Estonians allowed themselves to be misled by false hopes and groundless rumours, as a result of which, in the estimation of the Germans, the number of Estonians wishing to evacuate dropped considerably on the following day.<\/span><\/p>

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P\u00f5genikud Tallinna sadamas 22. septembril 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

Refugees at Tallinn harbour, 22 September 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA, autor \/ author: A. Kalm<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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21. septembril oli selge, et Saksa maav\u00e4gedel \u00f5nnestub taanduda maad m\u00f6\u00f6da l\u00f5una suunas ning seega v\u00e4henes oluliselt evakueerimist vajavate
s\u00f5jav\u00e4elaste arv. 21. ja 22. septembril paigutati laevadele veel ligikaudu 10 000 tsiviilisikut ning teist samapalju s\u00f5jav\u00e4elasi, kes olid moodustanud linna viimase kaitse. \u00d6\u00f6sel toimusid sadamas relvastatud kokkup\u00f5rked eestlaste ja sakslaste vahel. Saksa andmeil tapeti umbes 25 eestlast ning 150 relvitustatud eesti s\u00f5jav\u00e4elast saadeti t\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5una Saksamaale.
22. septembri hommikul kell 10 olid viimased evakueerumist kaitsnud \u00fcksused laevadel ning viimaseid Tallinna reidilt lahkuvaid laevu saatis teele Pirita poolt tulistatud m\u00fcrsk, mis arvati p\u00e4rinevat esimestelt kohale j\u00f5udnud Punaarmee tankidelt. Pool tundi hiljem sisenes Tartu maanteed pidi linna Punaarmee Eesti laskurkorpuse propagandistlik eelsalk, kellel ei \u00f5nnestunud lahkuvatele sakslastele ilmselt ka mitte s\u00fcmboolset p\u00fcssipauku j\u00e4rgi lasta.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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On 21 September, it was clear that German ground troops would be able to retreat by land towards the south. Thus, the number of military personnel that had to be evacuated markedly decreased. On 21 and 22 September, another roughly 10,000 civilians and the same number of military personnel, who had manned the city\u2019s last line of defence, were loaded onto ships. Armed skirmishes broke out between Estonians and Germans at night at the harbour. According to information from German sources, around 25 Estonians were killed, and 150 armed Estonian soldiers were sent to Germany as labour manpower.
At 10 o\u2019clock on the morning of 22 September, the last units that had covered the evacuation were on board ships. A shell fired from the direction of Pirita, which was thought to be from the first Red Army tanks that had arrived, sent off the ships departing from Tallinn\u2019s roads. A half hour later,’ the propagandistic advance party of the Red Army Estonian Rifle Corps entered the city along Tartu Highway. It evidently was not able to fire even a symbolic rifle shot after the departing Germans.<\/span><\/p>

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Gotenhafeni (Gdansk) sadamasse j\u00f5udnud Eesti s\u00f5jap\u00f5genikud septembris 1944.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Estonian war refugees upon their arrival at Gotenhafen (Gdansk) harbour, September 1944.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA, <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

autor \/ author: A. Kalm<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Gotenhafenisse (Gdansk) evakueeritud haavatud Eestis\u00f5durid septembris 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

Wounded Estonian soldiers who had been evacuated to Gotenhafen (Gdansk), September 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA, autor \/ author: A. Kalm<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Kokkuv\u00f5ttes oli 17.\u201322. septembrini Tallinnast Saksa v\u00f5imude organiseerimisel evakueeritud v\u00e4hemalt 50 000 inimest, sh \u00fcle 27 000 tsiviilisiku, kellest valdava osa moodustasid eestlased. Tallinlaste k\u00f5rval oli suurem osa laevadele asunud eestlasi saabunud teistest maakondadest otsima v\u00f5imalust punaterrori eest p\u00e4\u00e4seda.
Transpordilaevad \u201eMalgache\u201c, \u201eSumatra\u201c ja \u201eGotenland\u201c lahkusid Tallinnast t\u00fchjalt, sest nende jaoks ei j\u00e4tkunud evakueeritavaid, hinnanguliselt suudetuks evakueerida veel v\u00e4hemalt 2000\u20132500 isikut.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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In sum, at least 50,000 people, including over 27,000 civilians, of whom the vast majority were Estonians, were evacuated from Tallinn as organised by the German authorities from 17 to 22 September. Alongside Tallinners, the greater part of the Estonians who boarded the ships had come from other counties seeking the chance to escape from the Red Terror.
The transport ships Malgache, Sumatra, and Gotenland departed from Tallinn empty because there were no more people seeking to be evacuated to load onto those ships. At least another estimated 2,000 to 2,500 people could have been evacuated. <\/span><\/p>

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Evakueerumise k\u00e4igus j\u00e4i Tallinna sadamasse maha hulgaliselt Saksa s\u00f5jatehnikat.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

A large quantity of German military equipment was left behind at Tallinn harbour in the course of the evacuation.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA, <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Lahkudes purustasid sakslased sadama infrastruktuuri.<\/strong><\/p>

The Germans destroyed the harbour\u2019s infrastructure as they left.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Enamik Tallinnast teele asunud laevu j\u00f5udis kaotusteta sihtpunkti. Suurim trag\u00f6\u00f6dia tabas 21. septembril lahkunud laatsaretlaeva \u201eMoero\u201c, mis N\u00f5ukogude lennukite r\u00fcnnaku tulemusena 22. septembri hommikupoolikul Ventspilsi l\u00e4hedal uppus. Nii hukkunute kui ka p\u00e4\u00e4senute arvu osas puudub kindel teadmine. Saksa merev\u00e4e andmeil asus Tallinnas laeva pardale \u00fcle 1200 inimese, neist pooled haavatud s\u00f5durid, kel polnud mingit p\u00e4\u00e4semislootust. Hukkus ka sadu Eesti p\u00f5genikke, enam kui sajal \u00f5nnestus siiski p\u00e4\u00e4seda.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Most of the ships that departed from Tallinn reached their destinations without losses. The greatest tragedy struck the hospital ship Moero, which departed on 21 September and sank near Ventspils on the morning of 22 September as the result of an attack by Soviet warplanes. It is not known for certain how many people perished and how many people were rescued. According to the German Navy, more than 1,200 people boarded
the ship in Tallinn. Half of them were wounded soldiers who had no hope of being rescued. Hundreds of Estonian refugees also perished, yet more than a hundred Estonians managed to survive.<\/span><\/p>

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1996. aastal p\u00fcstitati \u201eMoerol\u201c hukkunutele m\u00e4lestusrist l\u00e4himale Eesti kalmistule S\u00f5rve poolsaarel J\u00e4maja kalmistul.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

In 1996, a cross in memory of the people who perished on board the Moero was erected in J\u00e4maja Cemetery on S\u00f5rve Peninsula, the Estonian cemetery that is closest to the spot where the ship sank.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: EVM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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P\u00d5GENEMINE HIIUMAALT<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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EXODUS FROM HIIUMAA<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Koostaja\/Compiled by: Patrick Rang, Mart M\u00f5niste, Enn Veevo.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Sarnaselt teistele Eesti piirkondadele algas Hiiumaalt p\u00f5genemine 1943. aastal: Saksa mobilisatsiooni eest k\u00f5rvale hoidmise, Soome armeega liitumise ja v\u00e4hemal m\u00e4\u00e4ral eestirootslaste p\u00f5genemise k\u00e4igus. Verepuhtaid rootslasi oli selleks ajaks Hiiumaale j\u00e4\u00e4nud napilt, k\u00fcll aga leiti arvukalt hiiurootsi esivanemaid, kelle olemasolu t\u00f5endamine andis lootust saada luba Eestist lahkumiseks.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Similarly to other Estonian areas, people started fleeing from Hiiumaa in 1943: to evade German mobilisation, to join the Finnish Army, and to a lesser extent the exodus of Estonian Swedes. By that time, few pureblooded Swedes remained in Hiiumaa, yet many islanders discovered that they had Swedish ancestors from Hiiumaa. Proving their existence provided hope for obtaining permits to leave Estonia.<\/span><\/p>

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Notari kinnitatud tunnistus Felix Elleri rootsi p\u00e4ritolu kohta 21. m\u00e4rtsist 1944. Tema p\u00f5genemisest sellegipoolest asja ei saanud.<\/strong><\/p>

Notarised certificate of the Swedish origin of Felix Eller from 21 March 1944. Regardless of this, his attempt to flee failed.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: erakogu
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Saksa v\u00f5imud \u00fcritasid pea viimse hetkeni p\u00f5genemisi takistada. Nii j\u00e4i \u00e4ra ka t\u00e4naseks legendi seisu t\u00f5usnud hiidlaste mootorpurjeka \u201eAlar\u201c p\u00f5genemine. Kapten Feliks Voolens otsustas koos meeskonna, pere ja kaasa v\u00f5etud p\u00f5genikega K\u00f5rgessaarest teele asuda 9. septembril 1944, kuid Saksa valvekaater katkestas teekonna. Kinniv\u00f5etutega siiski suuremat kurja ei s\u00fcndinud ja nii m\u00f5nigi laeval olnu p\u00e4\u00e4ses veel samal s\u00fcgisel p\u00f5genema. Sakslased viisid \u201eAlari\u201c evakueerudes Saksamaale, kuid p\u00e4rast s\u00f5da \u00f5nnestus l\u00e4\u00e4nde j\u00f5udnud omanikel laev tagasi saada ning see on t\u00e4naseni s\u00e4ilinud. 1998. aastast on ta tagasi kodusaarel, S\u00f5ru sadamas.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The German authorities tried to prevent people from fleeing until almost the last minute. Thus, the escape of the motor sailboat Alar, which belonged to Hiiumaa islanders and has become a legend, did not materialise. Captain Feliks Voolens decided to set sail from K\u00f5rgessaare on 9 September 1944 together with his crew, family, and refugees whom he had taken along, but a German guard launch stopped them. There were no serious repercussions for the apprehended persons and thus quite a few of the people that had been on board still succeeded in fleeing that same autumn. As they evacuated, the Germans took Alar to Germany but after the war, its owners, who had reached the West, managed to get the ship back and it has been preserved to this day.
Starting from 1998, it is back in its home at S\u00f5ru harbour.<\/span><\/p>

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Mootorpurjekas \u201eAlar\u201c 1941. aastal Taanis.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The motor sailboat Alar in Denmark in 1941.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: MM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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\u201eAlar\u201c teel tagasi koduranda, 1998.<\/strong><\/p>

Alar on its way back to its home coast, 1998.<\/p>

Illustratsioon: erakogu, autor A. Vahtras
Illustration: private collection, author: A. Vahtras<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Kapten Feliks Voolens elutoa laua taga, 1960.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Captain Feliks Voolens at his living room table, 1960.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: MM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Kui laev oli K\u00f5rgessaare sadamas, varjas end selle pardal teadaolevalt Eesti ainuke \u201emeremetsavend\u201c, Lepiku k\u00fclast p\u00e4rit Arvid Saart. Arvid otsustas p\u00e4rast sundteenimist nii Punav\u00e4es kui Saksa s\u00f5jav\u00e4es, et \u201eaitab jamast\u201c ja jaanuarist m\u00e4rtsini 1944. a varjas ta end \u201eAlaril\u201c.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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When the ship was at K\u00f5rgessaare harbour, Arvid Saart from Lepiku hamlet, the only known \u2018maritime forest brother\u2019 in Estonia, was in hiding on board that ship. After being forced to serve in both the Red Army and the German Army, Arvid decided that he had had \u2018enough of that nonsense\u2019. He hid on board Alar from January to March of 1944.<\/span><\/p>

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Hiiumaa K\u00f5rgessaare sadam, u 1939.<\/strong><\/p>

K\u00f5rgessaare harbour in Hiiumaa, about 1939.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: TLM<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Eesti p\u00f5genike purjekad \u201eKodu\u201c, \u201eL\u00fcbeck\u201c, \u201eHiiu\u201c, \u201eTriina\u201c, \u201eVello\u201c ja \u201eKristiine\u201c Rootsis Vikinghillis 28. mail 1945. aastal enne NSV Liidule \u00fcle andmist.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The sailboats Kodu, L\u00fcbeck, Hiiu, Triina, Vello, and Kristiine at Vikinghill in Sweden on 28 May 1945 before they were handed over to the Soviet Union.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: GM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Septembri keskpaigas p\u00f5genemine intensiivistus veelgi. Hiiumaalt \u00fcritasid p\u00f5geneda nii hiidlased ise kui ka sajad mandrilt saabunud. P\u00f5geneti nii v\u00e4ikeste paatidega kui ka suuremate alustega. Suurematest alustest lahkusid Hiiumaalt Rootsi n\u00e4iteks purjekas \u201eEnge\u201c umbes 500 inimesega pardal, mootorpurjekas \u201eHiiu\u201c umbes 100 inimesega, purjelaev \u201eMunter\u201c umbes 150 inimesega.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The exodus intensified even more in mid-September. Hiiumaa islanders themselves and also hundreds of people who arrived there from the mainland tried to flee from Hiiumaa. People fled in small boats as well as on larger vessels. The sailboat Enge with about 500 people on board, the motor sailboat Hiiu with about 100 people on board, and the sailing ship Munter with about 150 people on board were among the larger vessels that left Hiiumaa for Sweden.<\/span><\/p>

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Purjelaev \u201eEnge\u201c enne Teist maailmas\u00f5da.<\/strong><\/p>

The sailing ship Enge before the Second World War.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: MM<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Koht Rootsi suunduvas paadis v\u00f5i laevas ei olnud odav. Kaptenid soovisid sageli, et \u00fcleveo eest makstaks tsaari kuldrublades ja \u00fcleveo hind oli k\u00fcmme kuldm\u00fcnti ehk sada kuldrubla. \u00dcleveo maksumust t\u00e4nases v\u00e4\u00e4ringus on raske m\u00e4\u00e4rata, kuid see v\u00f5ib j\u00e4\u00e4da vahemikku 1500\u20132000 eurot. Samas mobilisatsiooniealisi poisse v\u00f5i Saksa s\u00f5jav\u00e4es teeninuid v\u00f5eti mitmel puhul pardale tasuta.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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It was not cheap to gain a place on board a boat or ship heading for Sweden. Captains often wanted to be paid in gold roubles from the tsarist era for ferrying people. The price for being taken across the sea was ten gold coins, in other words one hundred gold roubles. It is difficult to determine the cost of transportation across the sea, but it can be somewhere between 1,500 and 2,000 euros. At the same time, young men in the age range subject to mobilisation or who had served in the German Army were taken on board free of charge on many occasions.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Eesti p\u00f5genike purjekad \u201eVirre\u201c, \u201eEnge\u201c, \u201eEllen\u201c ja \u201eJuno\u201c Rootsis enne NSV Liidule \u00fcle andmist 1945. aastal.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The sailboats Virre, Enge, Ellen, and Juno, which belonged to Estonian refugees, in Sweden before they were handed over to the Soviet Union in 1945.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: GM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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P\u00d5GENIKE LOOD<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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STORIES OF REFUGEES<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Endine hiidlasest Riigivolikogu liige ja baptistikoguduste jutlustaja Karl Kaups on kirjeldanud oma pere p\u00f5genemist 24. septembri p\u00e4rastl\u00f5unal K\u00e4rdla sadamast venna Richardi mootorita purjejahil \u201eAili\u201c:
\u201eTuul oli soodus. \/\u2026\/ Koidu eel m\u00f6\u00f6dusime Tahkuna ninast. Seda paika tuli karta. Siin olid Saksa merepatareid ja rannakaitse v\u00e4ed.\u201c \/\u2026\/ Siis ilm halvenes: \u201eKesk\u00f6\u00f6 paiku jooksis jaht suure lainem\u00e4e harjalt alla ja purje tuulest t\u00fchjaks. \/\u2026\/ Varsti purunes \u00fcks vant. \/\u2026\/ Masti murdumise oht oli k\u00e4ega katsutav.\u201c K\u00f5ik l\u00f5ppes \u00f5nnelikult ja kuigi tuul \u00f6\u00f6sel rauges, t\u00f5usis see hommikul uuesti ja tugevnes \u00fcha koos vihma sajuga: \u201eOli tunne, et kolmandat \u00f6\u00f6d ei suudaks enam vastu pidada merel. Teine kestev mure oli: kas rand hakkab paistma enne pimedat. Ja kui paistab, kus oleme.\u201c Siis n\u00e4hti maad: \u201eN\u00e4gime, et rannast s\u00f6\u00f6stus merele kiirpaat. L\u00e4henedes h\u00fc\u00fcti meile: \u201eTere tulemast Rootsi!\u201c\u201c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Karl Kaups, a Hiiumaa islander who was a Baptist congregation preacher and a former member of the Riigivolikogu (upper chamber of the Estonian parliament) has described the departure of his family from K\u00e4rdla harbour on 24 September on board the sailing yacht Aili with no motor, which belonged to his brother Richard:
\u2018The wind was favourable. \/\u2026\/ Before dawn, we passed the Cape of Tahkuna. That place was to be feared. German sea batteries and coastal defence forces were there.\u2019 \/\u2026\/ Then the weather worsened: \u2018Around midnight, the yacht rode down from the crest of a huge mountain of a wave and the wind came out of its sail. \/\u2026\/ A shroud soon broke. \/\u2026\/
There was a tangible danger that the mast would break.\u2019 All ended well and although the wind died down at night, it rose again in the morning and continually strengthened together with rain: \u2018We felt as if we could no longer withstand a third night at sea. Another lasting concern was: will the coast come into view before dark? And if it does, where are we?\u2019 Then they saw land: \u2018We saw that a speedboat raced from the coast out to sea. As it approached, they shouted to us: \u2018Welcome to Sweden!\u2019 <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Karl Kaups Stockholmis 1945. a perekonna keskel. Esireas vasakult: poeg T\u00f5nis, abikaasa Elsa, lapsed Andres ja Tiiu; seisavad pojanaine Asta, poeg Peeter ja t\u00fctar Mai.<\/strong><\/p>

Karl Kaups in Stockholm in 1945 with his family. Front row from the left: his son T\u00f5nis, his wife Elsa, children Andres and Tiiu; standing are Asta, his son\u2019s wife, his son Peeter, and his daughter Mai.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: MM<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Portreefoto. Karl Kaups<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Portrait photo. Karl Kaups<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: HM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Baptistikoguduse eestvedajad, vasakul Karl Kaups.<\/strong><\/p>

Leaders of the Baptist Church, Karl Kaups on the left.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: HM<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Saab t\u00f5mmata paralleeli Astrid Lindgreni raamatus \u201eV\u00e4ike Tjorven, Pootsman ja Mooses\u201c kirjeldatud mereh\u00e4daliste ja raamatute illustraatori, samuti lapsena Rootsi p\u00f5genenud Ilon Wiklandi saatuse vahel:
\u201e\u00dcksainus pisike saareke oli k\u00f5ik, mida nad tahtsid. See ei tarvitseks olla eriti suur ega eriti ilus v\u00f5i mingil muul viisil t\u00e4helepanuv\u00e4\u00e4rne, \/\u2026\/ aga siiski niisugune, et saaks maale minna, tule \u00fcles v\u00f5tta ja v\u00f5ib-olla selgusele j\u00f5uda, kus sa viibid, v\u00f5ib-olla aga ka peavarju leida \u2026\u201c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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A parallel can be drawn between the castaways described in Astrid Lindgren\u2019s book Vip\u00e5 Saltkr\u00e5kan (Seacrow Island) and the fate of the illustrator of her books Ilon Wikland, who had fled to Sweden as a child:
\u2018Just one tiny island was all that they wanted. It need not be particularly big or especially lovely or noteworthy in any other way, \/\u2026\/ but it should still be the kind where one could go ashore, build a fi re, and perhaps figure out where you are, maybe also to find shelter\u2026\u2019<\/span><\/p>

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Ilon Wikland (snd P\u00e4\u00e4bo) lahkus 14-aastase neiuna Haapsalust purjekal \u201eMerit\u00e4ht\u201c. Ilon Wiklandi kujutatud p\u00f5genike laeva j\u00f5udmine Rootsi raamatus \u201ePikk-pikk teekond\u201c.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Ilon Wikland (maiden name P\u00e4\u00e4bo) left Haapsalu as a 14-year-old girl on the sailboat Merit\u00e4ht. The arrival of a refugee ship in Sweden as depicted by Ilon Wikland in the book Pikk-pikk teekond.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: HM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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K\u00e4rdlas keelasid sakslased endiselt meestel maalt lahkuda ja p\u00f5genikelaevadele p\u00e4\u00e4sesid eesk\u00e4tt naised-lapsed. Karl Kaups kirjeldab Hirmuste sadamast m\u00f6\u00f6dumist:
\u201eMehed aga, kasutades juhust, \/\u2026\/ valgusid Hermuste sadamasse, sest kokkuleppe kohaselt pidi laev [23. septembril K\u00e4rdlast teele asunud purjelaev \u201eMunter\u201c] siit l\u00e4bi tulema. Laev l\u00e4ks aga K\u00e4rdlast otse Rootsi. Meeste nukrus, \u00e4revus ja pettumus oli suur. \/\u2026\/ N\u00e4hes meie purje l\u00e4henemas [Ristna] sadamale, oletasid [nad] esialgu, et see on vist nende laev. \/\u2026\/ Salk mehi piki randa t\u00f5ttasid meile j\u00e4rele. Meie kohale j\u00f5udes riietusid lahti ja katsusid ujuda meie laevani. Aga vesi oli liiga k\u00fclm ja kaugus liiga suur.\u201c Purjelaev \u201eMunter\u201c j\u00f5udis Rootsi Nynashamni sadamasse 25. septembril 1944.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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In K\u00e4rdla, the Germans continued to prohibit men to leave the country. Primarily women and children were allowed to board refugee ships. Karl Kaups describes how they passed Hirmuste harbour:
\u2018But the men used the opportunity, \/\u2026\/ they gathered at Hermuste harbour because it had been agreed that the ship [the sailing ship Munter, which set out from K\u00e4rdla on 23 September] would pass through here. But the ship went from K\u00e4rdla straight to Sweden. The despondency, anxiety, and disappointment of the men was great. \/\u2026\/ When they saw our sail approaching the [Ristna] harbour, [they] initially assumed that it was perhaps their ship. \/\u2026\/ A group of men hurried after us along the shore. When we arrived, they undressed and tried to swim to our ship. But the water was too cold, and the distance was too great.\u2019 The sailing ship Munter arrived at Nynashamn harbour in Sweden on 25 September 1944.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Hiidlaste purjekas \u201eMunter\u201c Rootsis S\u00f6dert\u00e4ljes 26. juunil 1945 enne \u00fcleandmist NSV Liidule.<\/strong><\/p>

The sailing ship Munter, which belonged to Hiiumaa islanders, in S\u00f6dert\u00e4lje, Sweden on 26 June 1954 before it was handed over to the Soviet Union.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: HM<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Koos teiste p\u00f5genikega Ilon Wiklandi Rootsi viinud purjekas \u201eMerit\u00e4ht\u201c (vasakult neljas) koos teiste p\u00f5genikelaevadega 1945. aastal Rootsis enne NSV Liidule \u00fcle andmist.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The sailboat Merit\u00e4ht (fourth from the left), which took Ilon Wikland to Sweden together with other refugees, with other ships belonging to refugees in 1945 in Sweden before they were handed over to the Soviet Union.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: GM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Viimased Saksa \u00fcksused lahkusid Hiiumaalt 4. oktoobril ja saar langes N\u00f5ukogude v\u00f5imu alla. Kuid p\u00f5genemine j\u00e4tkus viimase v\u00f5imaluseni. Luuletaja Kalju Lepik oli \u00fcks viimastest, kes pakku sai. Ta kirjeldab oma pea kuu pikkuseks veninud p\u00f5genemist: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

\u201e23.09.44. Heltermaalt autoga K\u00e4inasse. \/…\/ 24.09.44. Hobusega Leigrist \u00d5ngule. Otsime merelt purjepaati. Laevad olid lahkunud eelmine \u00f6\u00f6 kell 4.00. \/\u2026\/ 27.09.44. Randa Rootsist mootorpaat. Vangistatakse piirivalve poolt. \/\u2026\/ 04.10.44. Hommikul K\u00fclak\u00fclast M\u00e4nsp\u00e4\u00e4le. \u00d6\u00f6sel lahkub K\u00fclak\u00fclast kiirpaat. \/\u2026\/ 13.10.44. \u00f5htul kell 10.00 lahkume paadiga Kitsalt. \/\u2026\/ 15.10. kell 12.00 hakkab paistma Rootsi saarestik. Kell 17.00 maabume Tor\u00f6 asulas.\u201c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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German forces left Hiiumaa on 4 October and the Soviet regime took control of the island. Yet people continued to flee until the last possible moment. The poet Kalju Lepik was one of the last people who was able to flee. He describes his journey of exodus, which dragged out to almost a month in length: <\/span><\/p>

\u201823 September 1944. By automobile from Heltermaa to K\u00e4ina. \/…\/ 24 September 1944. By horse from Leigri to \u00d5ngu. We search the sea for a sailboat. The ships had left the previous night at 4:00. \/…\/ 27 September 1944. A motorboat from Sweden comes ashore. It is arrested by border guards. \/…\/ 4 October 1944. From K\u00fclak\u00fcla to M\u00e4nsp\u00e4\u00e4 in the morning. A speedboat is to leave K\u00fclak\u00fcla at night. \/…\/ 13 October 1944. We leave Kitsa by boat at 10:00 in the evening. \/…\/ 15 October. The Swedish archipelago starts to come into view at 12:00. We land at the Tor\u00f6 settlement at 17:00.\u2019<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Kalju Lepik (paremalt esimene) koos kolleegidega Eesti raamatun\u00e4ituse kirjanike\u00f5htul Norrk\u00f6pingis 1948. aastal.<\/strong><\/p>

Kalju Lepik (first on the right) with his colleagues at the Estonian Book Exhibition\u2019s Writers\u2019 Evening in Norrk\u00f6ping in 1948.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA
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Hiiumaalt p\u00f5genenud inimeste arvu ei ole v\u00f5imalik t\u00e4pselt kindlaks teha. Paadip\u00f5genikest hiidlaste arvu on hinnatud umbes 2000 inimesele. Paljud p\u00f5geneda soovinud pered j\u00e4id kodumaale, sest perekond oli otsustanud j\u00e4\u00e4da kokku, heas ja kurjas. Hoolimata N\u00f5ukogude re\u017eiimi valvsusest, k\u00e4isid mitmed juba Rootsis olevad mehed oma l\u00e4hedasi Hiiumaalt ka veel 1940. aastate teisel poolel \u00e4ra toomas, kuid osa neist sattus N\u00f5ukogude piirivalve k\u00fc\u00fcsi.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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It is not possible to precisely ascertain the number of people who fled from Hiiumaa. The number of Hiiumaa islanders among the boat refugees is estimated at about 2,000 people. Many families that wanted to flee remained in their homeland because the family had decided to stay together for better or worse. Regardless of the vigilance of the Soviet regime, many men who were already in Sweden went to Hiiumaa to bring out their close relatives even in the latter half of the 1940s, but some of\u00a0 them were caught by the Soviet border guards.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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KURESSAARE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Koostaja\/Compiled by: Priit Kivi<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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1944. a kestis saarel Saksa okupatsioon, kuid 5. oktoobril tungisid N\u00f5ukogude v\u00e4ed \u00fcle V\u00e4ikese v\u00e4ina Saaremaale ja vallutasid 7. oktoobril kiire pealetungiga Kuressaare. 10. oktoobril algasid \u00e4gedad lahingud S\u00f5rve poolsaare p\u00e4rast, viimased Saksa \u00fcksused lahkusid S\u00f5rve s\u00e4\u00e4relt 24. novembril 1944. Kogu Eesti oli langenud N\u00f5ukogude okupatsiooni alla.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The German occupation continued on the island in 1944, yet on 5 October, Soviet forces crossed the V\u00e4ike Strait to invade Saaremaa. They captured Kuressaare with a rapid offensive on 7 October. Fierce battles for the S\u00f5rve Peninsula began on 10 October. The last German units left the S\u00f5rve headland on 24 November 1944. All of Estonia had fallen under Soviet occupation.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Seltskond Saksa ohvitsere koos med\u00f5dedega Kuressaare haigla ees augustis 1944.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

A group of German officers together with nurses in front of Kuressaare hospital in August of 1944.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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1944. aasta s\u00fcgiseni olid Kuressaare linnapildis Saksa okupatsiooniv\u00e4ed. Alates 7. oktoobrist v\u00f5tsid nende koha \u00fcle N\u00f5ukogude okupatsiooniv\u00e4ed. Kohapeal asuvate s\u00f5jav\u00e4elaste tegevusetuse t\u00f5ttu muutus Kuressaare heakord oluliselt halvemaks. Linna hakkas tulema arvukalt uusi elanikke s\u00f5jav\u00e4elaste ja n\u00f5ukogude funktsion\u00e4\u00e4ride n\u00e4ol. Paljud maainimesed olid samuti sunnitud erinevatel p\u00f5hjustel linna kolima.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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German occupation forces were visible in Kuressaare until the autumn of 1944. Starting from 7 October, Soviet occupation forces replaced them. The good maintenance and orderliness of Kuressaare deteriorated significantly due to the inactivity of the soldiers stationed there. New inhabitants in the form of soldiers and Soviet functionaries started coming to the city in considerable numbers. At the same time, many people from the countryside were forced to move to the city for various reasons.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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N\u00f5ukogude s\u00f5durid ja s\u00f5jatehnika \u00fcletamas Kuressaare raekoja platsi, 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

Soviet soldiers and military equipment crossing Kuressaare\u2019s Town Hall Square, 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM
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Kuressaarlased pidid vaatama, kuidas rasketes s\u00f5jaoludes igap\u00e4evaste vajaduste rahuldamisega toime tulla. Teravalt andis tunda toidu- ja tarbekaupade \u00fcha rangemaks muutuv normeerimine. Toorainenappuse t\u00f5ttu olid laialdaselt kasutusel mitmesugustest mittet\u00e4isv\u00e4\u00e4rtuslikest asendusmaterjalidest valmistatud tooted. T\u00f6\u00f6stuskaupade puuduse t\u00f5ttu asuti neid valmistama kodudes.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The people of Kuressaare had to consider how to cope with meeting their everyday needs in difficult war conditions. The increasingly strict rationing of food and consumer goods was felt acutely. Products made out of various poor quality replacement materials were in widespread use due to a shortage of raw materials. Due to the general lack of consumer goods, people started making them at home.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Saksa okupatsiooniv\u00f5imude Oskar Munk\u2019ile antud ostuluba\u00fche paari pastelde soetamiseks, 17. mai 1944.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

A permit for purchasing a pair of soft, heelless leather shoes issued by the German occupation authorities to Oskar Munk,\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>17 May 1944.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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S\u00f5jategevuse t\u00f5ttu h\u00e4visid osaliselt v\u00f5i t\u00e4ielikult paljud Kuressaare hooned. P\u00e4rast lahingute l\u00f5ppu 1944. aastal olid linnas mitmed paigad rusudes.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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After the battles ended in 1944, many locations in the city were in ruins. Many buildings in Kuressaare were partially or completely destroyed due to warfare.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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N\u00f5ukogude punaarmee s\u00f5durid p\u00f5leva Kuressaare taustal, 7. oktoober 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

Soviet Red Army soldiers on the background of burning Kuressaare, 7 October 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA , autor \/ author: J. Fetissov<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Endise Kuressaare algkooli varemed (2024. aastal Tallinna t\u00e4nav 8).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The ruins of the former Kuressaare elementary school (Tallinna Street 8 in 2024).<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Varemetes Roomassaare mudaravila (2024. aastal t\u00fchi plats).<\/strong><\/p>

The Roomassaare mud baths in ruins (this is a vacant lot in 2024).<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Varemetes g\u00fcmnaasiumihoone (2024. aastal Pikk t\u00e4nav 31).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The gymnasium building in ruins (Pikk Street 31 in 2024).<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Kuressaare elektrijaama varemed ja \u00f5hkulaskmisel t\u00e4navale paiskunud j\u00f5umasinate osad, 20. detsember 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

Ruins of the Kuressaare electric power plant and parts of engines that were scattered on the street when the plant was blown up, 20 December 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA , autor \/ author: F. Olop<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Punaarmee Kuressaares 1944. a s\u00fcgisel. Linna vallutamist t\u00e4histati aupaukudega.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The Red Army in Kuressaare in the autumn of 1944. Salutes were fired to celebrate the capture of the city.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA
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P\u00d5GENEMINE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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FLIGHT<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Koostaja\/Compiled by: Priit Kivi\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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1944. aasta septembris ja oktoobris toimus L\u00e4\u00e4ne-Eesti saartelt tsiviilelanikkonna massiline pagemine \u00fcle mere Rootsi. Hinnanguliselt p\u00f5genes kodumaalt umbes 6000 saarlast ja muhulast, seda oli m\u00e4rksa rohkem kui Eestist keskmiselt. Kui mitte arvestada rannarootslaste lahkumist, siis k\u00f5ige enam p\u00f5genikke oli Saaremaa l\u00e4\u00e4neranniku Kihelkonna ja L\u00fcmanda vallast \u2013 u 15% elanikkonnast. Lisaks kohalikele elanikele oli rindejoone ees Saaremaale p\u00f5genenud suur hulk inimesi mandrilt, kes lootsid veel pakku p\u00e4\u00e4seda. Saksa okupatsiooni v\u00f5imud korraldasid Roomassaare sadamast veel inimeste evakueerimist Saksamaale, kuid eestlaste esimene soov oli p\u00e4\u00e4seda Rootsi. Juba s\u00f5ja alguses kadusid Kuressaare linnapildist siinset elu sajandeid m\u00f5jutanud baltisakslased. 20. oktoobril 1939 lahkus Roomassaare sadama kaudu 310 saksa rahvusest saarlast, et Hitleri kutsel \u00fcmber asuda (nn Umsiedlung). Aastail 1939\u20131941 lahkus maakonnast rohkem kui 500 baltisakslast, kellele see oli olnud kodusaareks.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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In September and October of 1944, massive flight of the civilian population took place from the Western Estonian islands across the sea to Sweden. Roughly an estimated 6,000 islanders from Saaremaa and Muhumaa fled from their homeland. That was considerably more than from Estonia on average. Excluding the departure of the coastal Swedes, the most refugees were from Kihelkonna and L\u00fcmanda rural municipalities on the western coast of Saaremaa \u2013 about 15% of the population. In addition to local residents, a large number of people had fled from the mainland to Saaremaa ahead of the front line in the hope of escaping abroad. The German occupation authorities organised the evacuation of people from Roomassaare harbour to Germany, but Estonians primarily wanted to escape to Sweden. Baltic Germans, who had affected local life for centuries, already dis appeared from view in Kuressaare at the start of the war. On 20 October 1939, 310 islanders of German nationality departed from Roomassaare harbour to resettle in response to Hitler\u2019s appeal (the so-called Umsiedlung). More than 500 Baltic Germans left the county, for whom it had been their home island, in 1939\u20131941.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Baltisaksa \u00fcmberasujaid transportinud aurik \u201eAdler\u201c Roomassaare sadamas 9. oktoobril 1939.<\/strong><\/p>

The steamship Adler, which transported Baltic German resettlers, in Roomassaare harbour on 9 October 1939.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Saksamaa ja Rootsi vahelise kokkuleppe tulemusena alustati 1943. aastal Eesti rannarootslaste evakueerimist nende ajaloolisele kodumaale. Saare maakonnas puudutas see eelk\u00f5ige Ruhnu saart, kust enamik p\u00f5lis ruhnlasi lahkus mootorpurjekal \u201eJuhan\u201c 4. augustil 1944.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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As a result of an agreement between Germany and Sweden, the evacuationof Estonia\u2019s coastal Swedes to their historical homeland began in 1943. In Saare County, that affected primarily Ruhnu Island, from where mostnative Ruhnu islanders departed on board the motor sailboat Juhan on 4 August 1944.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Mootorpurjekas \u201eJuhan\u201c Rootsi Breviksi sadamas, 1944.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The motor sailboat Juhan at Breviks harbour in Sweden, 1944.<\/span><\/p>

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1944. aasta s\u00fcgisel saavutas p\u00f5genemine haripunkti, p\u00f5geneti nii Kuressaarest kui ka mujalt Saaremaalt. Mootorpurjekas \u201eElli\u201c lahkus 22. septembril K\u00fcdema lahest, samal p\u00e4eval lahkus purjelaev \u201eLuise\u201c Laugu rannast.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Departure from the homeland culminated in the autumn of 1944. People fled from Kuressaare and also from elsewhere in Saaremaa. The motor sailboat Elli departed from K\u00fcdema Bay on 22 September. The sailboat Luise departed from the Laugu coast on the same day.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Mootorpurjekas \u201eHelene\u201c, 483 p\u00f5genikuga pardal, v\u00e4ljus K\u00f5iguste sadamast 24. septembril 1944. Foto on tehtud arvatavasti siis, kui laeva juba Ahvenamaalt Rootsi randa pukseeriti.<\/strong><\/p>

The motor sailboat Helene departed from K\u00f5iguste harbour on 24 September 1944 with 483 refugees on board. This photograph was probably taken when the ship was already being towed from \u00c5land to Sweden\u2019s coast.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Purjelaev \u201eViru\u201c p\u00f5genemisteekonnal Kuressaarest Gotlandile. Laeval olnud Ants L\u00e4\u00e4ne foto, 22.\u201323. september 1944.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The sailing ship Viru on its voyage of escape from Kuressaare to Gotland. Photograph from Ants L\u00e4\u00e4ne, who was on board the ship, 22\u201323 September 1944.<\/span><\/p>

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Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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P\u00f5genikke Saksamaale viivatest laevadest hukkus kaks. 21. septembril Tallinnast v\u00e4lja s\u00f5itnud \u201eMoero\u201c ja 3. oktoobril Kures saarest Roomassaare sadamast lahkunud \u201eNordstern\u201c. Viimase hukutas allveelaevalt lastud torpeedo.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Two of the ships taking refugees to Germany sank: Moero, which departed from Tallinn on 21 September, and Nordstern, which departed from Roomassaare harbour, Kuressaare on 3 October. A torpedo fired from a submarine sank the latter.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Roomassaare sadam oktoobris 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

Roomassaare harbour in October of 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA
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Suurem osa Saaremaalt p\u00f5genejaid kasutas Rootsi j\u00f5udmiseks mitmesuguseid paate, ehkki enamiku neist olid sakslased konfiskeeritud. Purje riide muretsemisel ja vanade paatide s\u00f5idukorda seadmisel n\u00e4idati \u00fcles uskumatut leidlikkust. Paatide v\u00e4hesuse t\u00f5ttu olid need enamasti \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt \u00fclekoormatud.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Most of the people fleeing from Saaremaa used various boats to reach Sweden, even though the Germans had confiscated most of them. Astonishing ingenuity was demonstrated in obtaining sailcloth and fixing up old boats to make them seaworthy. Boats were mostly extremely overloaded since there were so few of them.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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P\u00e4rale j\u00f5udnud p\u00f5genike paadid Gotlandi rannas, 1944.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Boats of refugees that had reached their destination on the beach in Gotland, 1944.<\/span><\/p>

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Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM
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V\u00f5\u00f5rale maale sattunud inimesed paigutati esialgu p\u00f5genikelaagritesse. Rootsis j\u00e4i laagriaeg v\u00f5rreldes Saksamaaga v\u00e4ga l\u00fchikeseks, kuna kiirelt alustati eestlaste suunamist kohalikku ellu.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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People who ended up in foreign countries were initially placed in refugee camps. Compared to Germany, the time that people spent in camps in Sweden was very brief because the authorities quickly began integrating Estonians into local life.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Saaremaalt p\u00f5genenud naised ja lapsed Gotlandil, 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

Women and children who had fled from Saaremaa in Gotland, 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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P\u00f5genikud kooliv\u00f5imlas Gotlandil, 1944.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Refugees in a school gymnasium in Gotland, 1944.<\/span><\/p>

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Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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SAAREMAA<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Koostaja\/Compiled by: Priit Kivi<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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1944. a kestis saarel Saksa okupatsioon, kuid 5. oktoobril tungisid N\u00f5ukogude v\u00e4ed \u00fcle V\u00e4ikese v\u00e4ina Saaremaale ja vallutasid 7. oktoobril kiire pealetungiga Kuressaare. 10. oktoobril algasid \u00e4gedad lahingud S\u00f5rve poolsaare p\u00e4rast, viimased Saksa \u00fcksused lahkusid S\u00f5rve s\u00e4\u00e4relt 24. novembril 1944. Kogu Eesti oli langenud N\u00f5ukogude okupatsiooni alla.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The German occupation continued on the island in 1944, yet on 5 October, Soviet forces crossed the V\u00e4ike Strait to invade Saaremaa. They captured Kuressaare with a rapid offensive on 7 October. Fierce battles for the S\u00f5rve Peninsula began on 10 October. The last German units left the S\u00f5rve headland on 24 November 1944. All of Estonia had fallen under Soviet occupation.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Sel aastal v\u00f5is Saaremaal n\u00e4ha nii N\u00f5ukogude kui ka Saksa s\u00f5dureid. Kui suvel oli saartel vaid m\u00f5ni julgestuspataljon, siis 9. septembril saabusid Riiast Roomassaare sadamasse L\u00e4timaa lahingutes tugevasti r\u00e4sida saanud 23. jalav\u00e4ediviisi eelv\u00e4eosad. V\u00e4gede arvukus saarel hakkas h\u00fcppeliselt kasvama. Lisaks toodi septembri l\u00f5pus Saaremaale \u00fcle 16 000 s\u00f5javangi.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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In that year, both Soviet and German soldiers could be seen in Saaremaa. While only a few security battalions were on the islands in the summer, advance units of the 23rd Infantry Division, which had suffered severe losses in battles in Latvia, arrived from Riga at Roomassaare harbour on 9 September. The number of armed forces on the island started increasing sharply. Additionally, more than 16,000 prisoners of war were also brought to Saaremaa at the end of September.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Eesti Laskurkorpuse v\u00e4eosad Muhu v\u00e4ina lahingutes teel Saaremaale V\u00e4ikese v\u00e4ina tammil oktoobris 1944.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Units of the Estonian Rifl e Corps in battles at the Strait Sea on the embankment across V\u00e4ike Strait on their way to Saaremaa, October of 1944.<\/span><\/p>

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Illustratsioon \/ illustration: AM\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Saksa s\u00f5jav\u00e4epraam teel Saaremaale 1944. a.<\/strong><\/p>

German military ferry heading for Saaremaa, 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM, autor \/ author: H. Claussen<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Nii Saksa kui ka N\u00f5ukogude okupatsiooniv\u00f5imud suhtlesid saarlastega peamiselt k\u00e4skude ja keeldude keeles. Igap\u00e4evaelus andis teravalt tunda
toidu- ja tarbeainete \u00fcha rangemaks muutuv normeerimine. Lisaks korraldati Saksa v\u00f5imude poolt pea vahetpidamatult k\u00f5ikv\u00f5imalikke korje-, annetus- ja t\u00f6\u00f6kampaaniad \u2014<\/span> lihtsa saarlase toimetulek muutus seega \u00fcha keerulisemaks.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Both the German and Soviet occupation authorities communicated with the islanders mostly in the language of orders and prohibitions. The increasingly strict rationing of food and consumer goods was acutely felt in daily life. Additionally, the German authorities almost constantly organised all manner of collection, donation, and labour campaigns \u2014 thereby it became ever more difficult for ordinary islanders to cope.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Punaarmee Saaremaa garnisoni \u00fclema k\u00e4skkiri 26. oktoobrist 1944 relvade \u00e4ra andmise kohta.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Directive issued by the commander of the Red Army Saaremaa garrison on 26 October 1944 regarding relinquishing arms.<\/span><\/p>

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Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Balti saarte s\u00f5jav\u00e4ekomandandi kindralleitnant Hans Hugo Schirmeri (1888\u20131955) teadaanne 3. oktoobril 1944 Kuressaare ja Saaremaa elanikkonnale kohustusest asuda karistuse \u00e4hvardusel t\u00f6\u00f6le oma senisel t\u00f6\u00f6kohal.<\/strong><\/p>

Announcement issued on 3 October 1944 by Lieutenant General Hans Hugo Schirmer (1888\u20131955), the military commandant of the Baltic islands, to the population of Kuressaare and Saaremaa on the duty to set to work at their former jobs on threat of punishment.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Juba aasta alguses p\u00f6\u00f6rdusid paljud saarlased tagasi kodusaarele. Suurem p\u00f5genikelaine saabus seoses Tallinna pommitamisega 9. m\u00e4rtsil. Eesti Rahva \u00dchisabi avas h\u00e4daliste tarbeks Kuressaares \u00f6\u00f6maja, kust need edasi maale taludesse suunati. Samas soovitati ka kuressaarlastel endil maal elavad sugulased ja tuttavad \u00fcles otsida, et v\u00f5imalike \u00f5hur\u00fcnnakute eest rettu minna.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Many Saaremaa islanders already returned to their home island at the start of the year. The largest wave of refugees arrived in connection with the bombing of Tallinn on 9 March. Eesti Rahva \u00dchisabi (Cooperative aid for the Estonian people) opened a boarding house in Kuressaare for people in need, from where they were sent onward to farms in the countryside. At the same time, it was also recommended to Kuressaare residents themselves to seek out relatives and friends living in the country side, where they could go to escape possible air raids.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Tallinna Linnavalitsuse korteriameti v\u00e4lja antud evakueerimist\u00f5end Tallinnast Saaremaale, 24. m\u00e4rts 1944. Jelisaveta Adosoni (Tang) korter Tallinnas \u00d5una tn maja number 9 h\u00e4vis 9. m\u00e4rtsi pommitamisel.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Evacuation certifi cate from Tallinn to Saaremaa issued by Tallinn\u2019s Municipal Government Apartment Administration, 24 March 1944. Jelisaveta Adoson\u2019s (Tang) apartment in Tallinn in building no. 9 on \u00d5una Street was destroyed in the bombing of 9 March.<\/span><\/p>

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Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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S\u00fcgisel tulvas rinde ees mandrilt Saaremaale palju p\u00f5genikke, ujutades \u00fcles\u00f5idu v\u00f5imalusi otsides \u00fcle rannak\u00fclad. Nende autodel ja hobu vankritel kaasa toodud varandus vaadati p\u00f5hjalikult l\u00e4bi, v\u00e4hev\u00e4\u00e4rtuslikum osa sellest j\u00e4eti kohalikele elanikele. Paljud olid sunnitud paadipuudusel koju tagasi minema.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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In the autumn, many refugees flooded from the mainland to Saaremaa ahead of the front, inundating the coastal hamlets in search of possibilities for crossing the sea. In those hamlets, people sorted through the property that had been brought along in automobiles and horse carriages. Less valuable items were left to local people. Many people were forced to return home because they could not find a boat for crossing the sea.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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P\u00f5genikud Saaremaal septembris 1944. (4 pilti)
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Refugees in Saaremaa in September of 1944. (4 photos)<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA
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P\u00f5genikud Saaremaal septembris 1944.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Refugees in Saaremaa in September of 1944.<\/span><\/p>

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Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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P\u00d5GENEMINE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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FLIGHT<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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1944. aasta septembris ja oktoobris toimus L\u00e4\u00e4ne-Eesti saartelt tsiviilelanikkonna massiline pagemine \u00fcle mere Rootsi. Hinnanguliselt p\u00f5genes kodumaalt umbes 6000 saarlast ja muhulast, seda oli m\u00e4rksa rohkem kui Eestist keskmiselt. Kui mitte arvestada rannarootslaste lahkumist, siis k\u00f5ige enam p\u00f5genikke oli Saaremaa l\u00e4\u00e4neranniku Kihelkonna ja L\u00fcmanda vallast \u2013 u 15% elanikkonnast. Saaremaa l\u00e4\u00e4neranniku v\u00e4ikesaared (Salava, Loonalaid jm) olid p\u00f5genemiseks v\u00e4ga sobivad kohad. L\u00e4him sihtkoht oli Rootsi Gotlandi saar, kus Slite sadama kaudu organiseeris p\u00f5genike \u00fclevedu kohapeal tegutsev Eesti Abistamisorganisatsioon. K\u00f5ige rohkem, tervelt kaheksa paati v\u00e4ljus Slitest Saaremaa suunas 4. oktoobril, s.o p\u00e4ev enne N\u00f5ukogude v\u00e4gede Saaremaale sissetungi. Eesti poolel maabus suurem osa paate Loonalaiule. Kokku p\u00e4\u00e4steti sel moel u 1500 p\u00f5genikku.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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In September and October of 1944, massive flight of the civilian population took place from the Western Estonian islands across the sea to Sweden. Roughly an estimated 6,000 islanders from Saaremaa and Muhumaa fled from their homeland. That was considerably more than from Estonia on average. Excluding the departure of the coastal Swedes, the most refugees were from Kihelkonna and L\u00fcmanda rural municipalities on the western coast of Saaremaa \u2013 about 15% of the population. The small islands along Saaremaa\u2019s western coast (Salava, Loonalaid, and others) were very suitable places for fleeing. The closest destination was the island of Gotland in Sweden, where the Eesti Abistamisorganisatsioon (Estonian Assistance Organisation) operated on site and organised the ferrying of refugees by way of Slite harbour. The most boats, altogether eight, departed from Slite headed for Saaremaa on 4 October, that is a day before the invasion of Saaremaa by Soviet forces. Most of the boats landed on the Estonian side on Loonalaid. About 1,500 refugees in total were rescued in that way.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\u00c4ras\u00f5idu ootel p\u00f5genikud Salava saarel 1944. a.<\/strong><\/p>

Refugees on Salava Island awaiting their departure, 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA
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P\u00f5genike paadid Gotlandil 1944. a.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Refugee boats in Gotland, 1944.<\/span><\/p>

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Illustratsioon \/ illustration: GM\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Mustjala kandi mehed Herbert Saamel ja Robert P\u00f5lder 1945. aastal Rootsis p\u00f5genemispaadi juures.<\/strong><\/p>

Herbert Saamel and Robert P\u00f5lder, both from the Mustjala area, in Sweden in 1945 with the refugee boat.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: GM<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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23. septembril 1944 p\u00f5genesid L\u00e4\u00e4ne-Saaremaalt Pidula rannast teiste hulgas saarlasest \u00f5igusteadlane ja diplomaat Nikolai Kaasik (1900 Kuressaare \u2013 1950 Stockholm) ning Riigivolikogu esimees Otto Richard Pukk (1900 Saaremaa Kihelkonna khk \u2013 1951 Stockholm).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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On 23 September 1944, the jurist and diplomat Nikolai Kaasik (born in 1900 in Kuressaare \u2013 died in 1950 in Stockholm), who was from Saaremaa, and the chairman of the Riigivolikogu (the upper chamber of the Estonian parliament) Otto Richard Pukk (born in 1900 in Kihelkonna Parish in Saaremaa \u2013 died in 1951 in Stockholm) were among the people who fled from the Pidula coast in Western Saaremaa.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Otto Richard Pukk p\u00f5genikuna Gotlandil 1944. a.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Otto Richard Pukk as a refugee in Gotland in 1944.<\/span><\/p>

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Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Kunstnik Eerik Haamer (1908 Kuressaare \u2013 1994 Rootsi) p\u00f5genes sakslastelt varastatud p\u00e4\u00e4stepaadiga \u00f6\u00f6l vastu 19. septembrit 1944 koos 12 kaaslasega Vilsandi saarelt aerutades Rootsi. V\u00e4ljav\u00f5te Eerik Haameri Rootsi Kuningriigi v\u00e4lismaalase passist, v\u00e4lja antud 1. oktoobril 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

The artist Eerik Haamer (born in 1908 in Kuressaare \u2013 died in 1994 in Sweden) departed from the island of Vilsandi on the night before 19 September 1944 in a rescue boat stolen from the Germans together with 12 companions, rowing to Sweden. Excerpt from Eerik Haamer\u2019s Kingdom of Sweden foreigner\u2019s passport issued on 1 October 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Etnoloogiaprofessori Gustav R\u00e4nga (1902 Saaremaa Karja khk \u2013 1998 Stockholm) ja abikaasa Aino teekond \u00fcle mere algas Salava saarelt 1944. aasta 7. oktoobri \u00f5htul. Pere lapsed Taavi, Ristjan ja Anne p\u00f5genikuteele asumas.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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The voyage across the sea of ethnology professor Gustav R\u00e4nk (born in 1902 in Karja Parish, Saaremaa \u2013 died in 1998 in Stockholm) and his wife Aino started from the island of Salava in the evening on 7 October 1944. The family\u2019s children Taavi, Ristjan, and Anne setting out on their refugee voyage.<\/span><\/p>

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Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Saaremaa kaudu p\u00f5genes lisaks saarlastele ka palju mandri inimesi. 1944. aasta oktoobris sattus luuletaja Henrik Visnapuu (1890 Helme khk \u2013 1951 New York) Saaremaal Jaagarahu sadamas Saksa miinitraalerile. Traaler viis ta Ventspilsi. Seal seisid kai \u00e4\u00e4res k\u00f5rvuti \u00e4sja Kuressaarest p\u00f5genikega\u00b4saabunud merev\u00e4e \u00f5ppelaevad \u201eNordstern\u201c ja \u201eNautik\u201c. Kuigi Visnapuu oleks peaaegu l\u00e4inud \u201eNordsterni\u201c pardale, s\u00f5itis ta Saksa maale siiski \u201eNautikul\u201c. Merel n\u00e4gi ta pealt \u201eNordsterni\u201c hukkumist, sellelt elluj\u00e4\u00e4nud v\u00f5ttis pardale \u201eNautik\u201c.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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In addition to Saaremaa islanders, many people from the mainland fled by way of Saaremaa. In October of 1944, the poet Henrik Visnapuu (born in 1890 in Helme Parish \u2013 died in 1951 in New York) ended up on a German minesweeper in Jaagarahu harbour in Saaremaa. The minesweeper took him to Ventspils. There the navy\u2019s training ships Nordstern and Nautik were moored side by side alongside the pier. They had just arrived from Kuressaare with refugees. Although Visnapuu would almost have boarded Nordstern, he nevertheless went to Germany onboard the Nautik. At sea he witnessed the sinking of Nordstern. Nautik took its survivors on board.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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V\u00e4ljav\u00f5te Henrik Visnapuu esimesest paguluses dateeritud luuletusest \u201eIkka viirastub\u201c, 10. oktoober 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

Excerpt from Henrik Visnapuu\u2019s first poem dated in exile, Ikka viirastub [It still appears like a phantom], 10 October 1944.<\/p>

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Lisaks paatidele p\u00f5geneti ka suuremate alustega: mootorpurjekas \u201eElli\u201c lahkus 22. septembril K\u00fcdema lahest, samal p\u00e4eval lahkus purjelaev \u201eLuise\u201c Laugu rannast.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Alongside boats, people also fled in larger vessels: the motor sailboat Ellideparted from K\u00fcdema Bay on 22 September. The sailboat Luise departed from the Laugu coast on the same day.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Purjelaev \u201eViru\u201c p\u00f5genemisteekonnal Kuressaarest Gotlandile 22.\u201323. septembril 1944.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Purjelaev \u201eViru\u201c p\u00f5genemisteekonnal Kuressaarest Gotlandile 22.\u201323. septembril 1944.<\/span><\/p>

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Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM, <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

autor \/ author: A. L\u00e4\u00e4ne <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Mootorpurjekas \u201eHelene\u201c, mille pardal oli 483 p\u00f5genikku, v\u00e4ljus K\u00f5iguste sadamast 24. septembril 1944. Foto on tehtud arvatavasti siis, kui laeva juba Ahvenamaalt Rootsi randa pukseeriti.<\/strong><\/p>

The motor sailboat Helene departed from K\u00f5iguste harbour on 24 September 1944 with 483 refugees on board. This photograph was probably taken when the ship was already being towed from \u00c5land to Sweden.<\/p>

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Mootorpurjekas \u201eHelene\u201c Rootsis 1945. a.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The motor sailboat Helene in Sweden in 1945.<\/span><\/p>

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Illustratsioon \/ illustration: GM\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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S\u00d5RVE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Koostaja\/Compiled by: Priit Kivi ja Katirn \u00e4\u00e4r<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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5. oktoobril 1944 tungisid N\u00f5ukogude v\u00e4ed \u00fcle V\u00e4ikese v\u00e4ina Saaremaale ja vallutasid kiire pealetungiga 7. oktoobril Kuressaare. 10. oktoobril algasid \u00e4gedad lahingud S\u00f5rve poolsaare p\u00e4rast, viimased Saksa \u00fcksused lahkusid S\u00f5rve s\u00e4\u00e4relt 24. novembril 1944. Kogu Eesti oli langenud N\u00f5ukogude okupatsiooni alla.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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On 5 October 1944, Soviet forces crossed the V\u00e4ike Strait to invade Saaremaa. They captured Kuressaare with a rapid offensive on 7 October. Fierce battles for the S\u00f5rve Peninsula began on 10 October. The last German units left the S\u00f5rve headland on 24 November 1944. All of Estonia had fallen under Soviet occupation.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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N\u00f5ukogude \u201eKatjuu\u0161ad\u201c tulepositsioonil S\u00f5rves 18. novembril 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

Soviet Katyusha rocket launchers in firing position in S\u00f5rve on 18 November 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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V\u00e4ga intensiivsete lahingute t\u00f5ttu h\u00e4visid hooned ning kannatasid ja surid paljud s\u00f5rulased. Paljud hooned h\u00e4vitati, j\u00e4id t\u00fchjaks v\u00f5i muutusid elamisk\u00f5lbmatuks.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Due to very intense battles, buildings were destroyed and many S\u00f5rve inhabitants suffered and died. Many buildings were destroyed, remained empty, or became uninhabitable.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Vahtra talu varemed Karuste k\u00fclas Torgu vallas 1944. aastal.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The ruins of Vahtra Farm in the village of Karuste, Torgu Parish in 1944.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA, <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

autor \/ author: F. Olop <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Sakslaste purustatud tuuleveski rusud Salme k\u00fclas 29. detsembril 1944.<\/strong><\/p>

Wreckage of a windmill destroyed by the Germans in Salme village, 29 December 1944.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: RA,<\/strong><\/p>

autor \/ author: F. Olop<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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1944. aasta s\u00fcgisel sai hoo sisse l\u00e4\u00e4nde p\u00f5genemine. Hinnanguliselt p\u00f5genes kodumaalt umbes 6000 saarlast ja muhulast \u2013 rohkem kui Eestist keskmiselt. S\u00f5rvest viis paljude tee Rootsi, peamiselt Gotlandile. Seegi l\u00fchike meretee oli piisavalt pikk ja ohtlik, eriti just s\u00fcgistormide ajal. Nii mitmedki v\u00e4iksemad ja viletsamad paadid j\u00e4id koos p\u00f5genikega tormisesse L\u00e4\u00e4nemerre.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Flight to the West gathered steam in the autumn of 1944. It is estimated that around 6,000 islanders from Saaremaa and Muhumaa fled from their homeland \u2013 more than from continental Estonia on average. The path of many people led from S\u00f5rve to Sweden, primarily Gotland. Even that short sea route was sufficiently long and dangerous, especially during autumn storms. Many small boats in poor condition sank in the stormy Baltic Sea together with the refugees on board.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Grupp S\u00f5rve naisi ja lapsi Rootsis Gotlandil oktoobris 1944.
Fotol: Vambola ja Leili Mann, Elfriede R\u00e4\u00e4k, Laine Mann, Maimu Mann, Leo R\u00e4\u00e4k, Linda Hull, Sohvie Vapper, Triin Hull, Taimi M\u00e4gi, Meida R\u00e4\u00e4k, Marga M\u00e4gi, Triin Mann, Helmi Timmermann ja Kusti Timmermann.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

A group of women and children from S\u00f5rve in Gotland, Sweden in October of 1944.
People at the photo: Vambola and Leili Mann, Elfriede R\u00e4\u00e4k, Laine Mann, Maimu Mann, Leo R\u00e4\u00e4k, Linda Hull, Sohvie Vapper, Triin Hull, Taimi M\u00e4gi, Meida R\u00e4\u00e4k, Marga M\u00e4gi, Triin Mann, Helmi Timmermann and Kusti Timmermann.<\/span><\/p>

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Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM, <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

autor \/ author: D. Holmert<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Marie R\u00e4\u00e4k (1903 T\u00fcrju k\u00fcla K\u00f5rste talu \u2013 1986 USA) p\u00f5genes 25. oktoobril 1944 koos abikaasa ja lastega S\u00f5rvest Gotlandile. See pluus tegi kaasa kogu p\u00f5genemisteekonna.<\/strong><\/p>

Marie R\u00e4\u00e4k (born in 1903 at K\u00f5rste Farm in T\u00fcrju hamlet \u2013 died in 1986 in the USA) fled on 25 October 1944 with her husband and children from S\u00f5rve to Gotland. She wore this blouse during the entire escape journey<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM,<\/strong><\/p>

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Maal \u201eP\u00f5genemine 1944. a J\u00e4majast\u201c, autor Elmar K\u00f6ster.
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The painting P\u00f5genemine 1944. a. J\u00e4majast (Escape from J\u00e4maja in 1944), author Elmar K\u00f6ster<\/span><\/p>

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Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM, <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Maali autor Elmar K\u00f6ster (s\u00fcnd 1925 Saaremaal Torgu vallas) on oma p\u00f5genemisteekonda meenutanud j\u00e4rgnevalt: \u201eSee p\u00f5genemine sai dramaatilise alguse, kui Saksa piirivalve tahtis meid p\u00f5hja lasta, kuid imekombel p\u00e4\u00e4sesime eluga. See juhtus 30. sept 1944 \u00f5htupoole. Ilm oli hea, peaaegu tuuleta, kuid s\u00f5idup\u00e4eva hommikul hakkas puhuma k\u00f5va tuul ja l\u00e4ks \u00fcle maruks. Tuul oli vastu, lained k\u00f5rged ja n\u00f5rk mootor ei jaksanud paati edasi [kanda], sest ka lained l\u00f5id \u00fcle paadi. Paat tuli keerata p\u00e4rituult. K\u00f5ik asjad saime \u00fcle parda visata, kahjuks ka k\u00f5ik s\u00f6\u00f6givara. L\u00f5puks viskasime ka mootori \u00fcle parda. Murdlained l\u00f5id \u00fcle ja [t\u00e4itsid] paadi mitu korda. […] See torm ajas meid l\u00f5puks Soome Hankosse. Jumal t\u00e4natud! Olime tormi k\u00e4es 3 \u00f6\u00f6d-p\u00e4eva, paadis oli 22 inimest, neist 7 last.\u201c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The author of the painting Elmar K\u00f6ster (born in 1925 in Torgu Rural Municipality, Saaremaa) has recollected his journey fleeing from the war as follows: \u2018That flight began dramatically when German border guards wanted to sink our boat, but we miraculously escaped with our lives. That happened on 30 September 1944 in the evening. The weather was good, there was almost no wind, but a strong wind started blowing in the morning on the next day and it grew into a storm. The headwind created tall waves that broke over our boat and our weak motor was unable to move the boat forward. We had to turn to boat around to give us a tailwind. We managed to throw everything overboard, sadly all our food supplies as well. Finally, we also threw the motor overboard. Waves broke overhead and [filled] our boat many times. The storm finally blew us to Hanko, Finland. Thank God! The storm lasted 3 days and nights. There were 22 people in the boat and 7 of them were children..\u2019<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Saaremaa muuseumi p\u00fcsin\u00e4itusel asuv paadi koopia, mille originaaliga v\u00f5ttis keerulise teekonna ette S\u00f5rves Laadla k\u00fclas elanud meremees Hans Suur (1904 Torgu vald \u2013 1988 G\u00f6teborg).<\/strong><\/p>

At permanent exhibition of Saaremaa Museum is the replica of the boat, with which the mariner Hans Suur (born in 1904 in Torgu Rural Municipality \u2013 died in 1988 in Gothenburg), who lived in Laadla hamlet in S\u00f5rve, undertook a difficult journey.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM,<\/strong><\/p>

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Saksa mobilisatsiooni eest k\u00f5rvale hoides asus Hans Suur koos kahe Poopuu-nimelise mehega teele S\u00f5rvest T\u00fcrju sadamast. Teadaolevalt valmistas originaalpaadi Kaarel Teern Saaremaal Vedruka k\u00fclas umbes 1938. aastal ja seda kasutati peamiselt v\u00f5rkudega kalap\u00fc\u00fcgil rannal\u00e4hedases meres. Paadi m\u00f5\u00f5tmed on k\u00f5nekad – pikkus 4,2 meetrit, laius 1,4 meetrit. Tegelikult oli see \u00fcks v\u00e4iksemaid aluseid, millega \u00fcle L\u00e4\u00e4nemere suundunud p\u00f5genikud 1943.-1944. aastal Rootsi j\u00f5udsid. Rootsi j\u00f5udes m\u00fc\u00fcdi paat 10 krooni eest \u00fchele Rootsi kalurile. S\u00f5rve maha j\u00e4\u00e4nud perele \u2013 abikaasale Mariele, viiele lapsele ja kahele vanaemale \u2013 tuli Hans Suur suure mootorpaadiga j\u00e4rele sama aasta oktoobris. L\u00e4bi tormise mere j\u00f5udis kogu pere \u00f5nnelikult Gotlandile.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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To evade German mobilization, Hans Suur, along with two men named Poopuu, set out from T\u00fcrju harbor in S\u00f5rve. Kaarel Teern is known to have built the original boat in Vedruka village, Saaremaa in about 1938 and it was mostly used for fi shing with nets in the sea close to shore. The boat\u2019s dimensions are meaningful \u2013 length 4.2 metres, width 1.4 metres. It was actually one of the smallest vessels with which refugees who set out to cross the Baltic Sea reached Sweden in 1943\u20131944. When they arrived in Sweden, they sold the boat for 10 Swedish crowns to a Swedish fisherman. Hans Suur went back with a large motorboat in October of that same year to fetch his family, which had remained in S\u00f5rve \u2013 his wife Marie, his five children, and two grandmothers. The whole family safely reached Gotland across the stormy sea.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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S\u00d5RULASTE DEPORTEERIMINE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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DEPORTATION OF PEOPLE FROM S\u00d5RVE<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Lahingute j\u00f5udmine S\u00f5rve t\u00f5stis p\u00e4evakorda tsiviilelanikkonna evakueerimise. 25.10\u201318.11 evakueerisid Saksa s\u00f5jav\u00e4ev\u00f5imud u 2500\u20133000 elanikku, kes paigutati M\u00f5ntus ja S\u00e4\u00e4rel samadele transpordilaevadele, mis sakslastele varustust t\u00f5id. Kodu ja loomade sunnitud maha j\u00e4tmine saatuse hooleks valmistas s\u00f5rulastele hulgaliselt kannatusi ja traagikat.
Olev Sau (1929 Kaunispe k \u2013 2015 Tallinn) on meenutanud: \u201eLameda p\u00f5hjaga dessantpraamid seisid juba silla \u00e4\u00e4res. Seal oli ka raskelt haavatud Saksa s\u00f5dureid. Alus sai s\u00f5rulasi kohe t\u00e4is, istusime seal oma kompsude otsas. Viimane pilk, mille sadamale saatsin, oli \u00fctlemata kurb. Kogu v\u00e4li oli t\u00e4is s\u00f5rulaste v\u00e4ikseid hobuseid, kes seisid seal norgus peadega. \/…\/
Kui alus oli kai \u00e4\u00e4rest eemaldunud, hakkasid inimesed erutunult r\u00e4\u00e4kima. Kargi k\u00fclast p\u00e4rit Seli Hindrek (Kipper) alustas laulu \u201eJumal, sul ligemal \u2026\u201c, k\u00f5ik teised \u00fchinesid temaga kohe. Kui laul oli l\u00f5ppenud, nutsid k\u00f5ik, kaasa arvatud mina.\u201c
S\u00f5rulased viidi Ventspilsi kaudu transpordilaevadel Gdynia ja Gdanski (tollal Gotenhafen ja Danzig) sadamatesse. Peamised paigad, kuhu s\u00f5rulased edasi suunati, olid R\u00fcgeni saar, Schleswig-Holsteini piirkond, Frankfurt Oderi \u00e4\u00e4res ja Dresdeni piirkond, Katowice t\u00f6\u00f6stuspiirkond Poolas, samuti T\u0161ehhoslovakkia.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The evacuation of the civilian population rose to the agenda when battles reached S\u00f5rve. German military authorities evacuated about 2,500\u20133,000 residents from 25 October to 18 November. They were loaded in M\u00f5ntu and S\u00e4\u00e4re onto the same transport ships that had brought supplies to the Germans. The forced abandonment of their homes and animals, leaving them to their fate, brought a great deal of suffering and tragedy to the people of S\u00f5rve.
Olev Sau (born in 1929 in Kaunispe hamlet \u2013 died in 2015 in Tallinn) has recalled: \u2018Flat-bottomed landing craft were already moored at the pier. There were also seriously wounded German soldiers. People from S\u00f5rve quickly filled the vessel. We sat there on our baggage. My last glimpse of the harbour was infinitely sad. The whole field was filled with the little horses of the people of S\u00f5rve. They stood there hanging their heads. \/…\/
When the vessel had pulled away from the pier, people started talking agitatedly. Seli Hindrek (Kipper) from Kargi hamlet started up the song Nearer, my God, to Thee. Everyone else immediately joined in. When the song ended, everybody wept, myself included.\u2019<\/span><\/p>

The people of S\u00f5rve were taken on transport ships by way of Ventspils to the ports of Gdynia and Gdansk (Gotenhafen and Danzig at that time). R\u00fcgen Island, the vicinity of Schleswig-Holstein, Frankfurt-am-Oder and the vicinity of Dresden, the Katowice industrial area in Poland, and Czechoslovakia were the primary locations where people from S\u00f5rve were sent.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Aurik \u201eBremerhaven\u201c.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Steamship Bremerhaven.<\/span><\/p>

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29. oktoobril v\u00e4ljus aurik \u201eBremerhaven\u201c (varem nime all \u201eReventazon\u201c) Ventspilsi sadamast enam kui 3000 inimesega pardal Gdyniasse. 30. oktoobri hommikul alustasid N\u00f5ukogude lennukid konvoile r\u00fcnnakut, mille tagaj\u00e4rjel kaotas tabamuse saanud laeval elu \u00fcle 400 inimese. Enamik lastiruumi paigutatud s\u00f5rulastest p\u00e4\u00e4sesid siiski eluga, enne kui laev L\u00e4\u00e4nemere lainetesse kadus.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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On 29 October, the steamship Bremerhaven (previously named Reventazon) departed from Ventspils harbour for Gdynia with more than 3,000 people on board. On the morning of 30 October, Soviet aircraft started attacking the convoy, causing over 400 people on board the bombed ship to lose their lives. Most of the people from S\u00f5rve who had been placed in the cargo hold nevertheless escaped with their lives before the ship disappeared in the waves of the Baltic Sea.<\/span><\/p>

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N\u00f5ukogude lennukite p\u00f5hja lastud laevalt p\u00e4\u00e4senud s\u00f5rulased Gdynia sadamas.<\/strong><\/p>

People from S\u00f5rve in Gdynia harbour, who had escaped from the ship that Soviet aircraft had sunk.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM,<\/strong><\/p>

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V\u00e4list\u00f6\u00f6lise m\u00e4rk [A=Ausl\u00e4nder], mida kodusaarelt \u00e4ra viidud Asta Roos (1929 Rahuste k \u2013 2015 Kuressaare) kandis Sudeedimaal Zwittau (t\u0161ehhi k Svitavy) lennukitehases t\u00f6\u00f6tades.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

The foreign worker mark [A = Ausl\u00e4nder], which Asta Roos (born in 1929 in Rahuste
hamlet \u2013 died in 2015 in Kuressaare), after being taken away from her home island, wore in Sudetenland when she worked in an aircraft factory in Zwittau (Svitavy in Czech).<\/span><\/p>

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Kaugel kodumaast tuli s\u00f5rulastel rasketes oludes toime tulla. Paljud rakendati t\u00f6\u00f6le t\u00f6\u00f6stuses v\u00f5i p\u00f5llumajanduses. N\u00e4lja ja ebainimlike elamistingimuste t\u00f5ttu oli suremus suur. Ohvreid p\u00f5hjustas ka punav\u00e4elaste v\u00e4givald langenud Saksamaa aladel. Kui palju saarlasi nende teekonnal ja laagrites \u00fcldse hukkus, pole seni \u00f5nnestunud v\u00e4lja selgitada.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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S\u00f5rve islanders had to cope in difficult circumstances far from their homeland. Many were put to work in industry or agriculture. The mortality rate was high due to inhumane living conditions and hunger. Acts of violence committed by Red Army soldiers in captured German territory also brought victims. The total number of Saaremaa islanders who perished on their journeys and in the camps has hitherto not been successfully ascertained.<\/span><\/p>

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R\u00fcgeni saarel Neuenkircheni laagris elanud s\u00f5rulaste nimekiri.<\/strong><\/p>

List of people from S\u00f5rve who lived at Neuenkirchen camp on R\u00fcgen Island.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM,<\/strong><\/p>

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P\u00e4rast Saksamaa kapituleerumist anti s\u00f5rulastele v\u00f5imalus koju tagasi p\u00f6\u00f6rduda. Arvestades 1941. aasta N\u00f5ukogude repressioone, j\u00e4id neist m\u00f5ned l\u00e4\u00e4nde, kuid enamus otsustas v\u00f5imalikult kiiresti Saaremaale naasta. Osa saadeti koju rongivagunites, osa pidid ise transpordi leidma, paljudel tuli teekond ette v\u00f5tta ka jalgsi.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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After Germany capitulated, the people from S\u00f5rve were given the chance to return home. Considering the Soviet repressions of 1941, some of them stayed in the West, but most of them decided to return to Saaremaa as quickly as possible. Some were sent home in railroad cars, some had to find their own transportation, while many had to set out on their journey on foot.<\/span><\/p>

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Vasakul Tiiu M\u00f5tt (1898 Kaimri k\u00fcla \u2013 1980 Tallinn), kes mitmekuisel jalgsiteekonnal Poolast Mys\u0142owicest kodumaale tulles kulutas \u00e4ra 3 paari s\u00f5durisaapaid.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

On the left, Tiiu M\u00f5tt (born in Kaimri village in 1898 \u2013died in Tallinn in 1980), who wore out 3 pairs of soldier\u2019s boots on her journey by foot from Mys\u0142owice in Poland to her Estonian homeland, which took several months.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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Kodumaale saabunuil tuli l\u00e4bi teha karantiin, \u00fcks suuremaid asus P\u00f5llk\u00fcla filtratsioonilaagris. Igas maakonnas oli repatrieerimise osakond, kus toimus dokumentide vormistamine. Tagasi Eestisse j\u00f5udis u 2200 s\u00f5rulast, kuid oma kodudesse paljud neist enam ei p\u00e4\u00e4senud, sest need olid v\u00f5etud Punaarmee valdusse v\u00f5i lahingutes h\u00e4vinud.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Returnees had to go through quarantine upon their arrival in their homeland. One of the largest was in the P\u00f5llk\u00fcla filtration camp. There was a repatriation department in every county, where identification documents were prepared. Roughly 2,200 people from S\u00f5rve returned to Estonia but many of them could not return to their homes because the Red Army had taken possession of them, or they had been destroyed in battles.<\/span><\/p>

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T\u00f5end Saksamaalt naasnud s\u00f5rulaste tervisekontrolli kohta Tallinnas 6. augustil 1945.<\/strong><\/p>

Health check certificate issued from Tallinn regarding people from S\u00f5rve who had returned from Germany, 6 August 1945.<\/p>

Illustratsioon \/ illustration: SM<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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S\u00f5rulaste vintsutused s\u00f5jast r\u00e4situd Saksamaa p\u00f5genikelaagrites ja purustatud linnades erinesid oluliselt tingimustest, kuhu sattusid omal k\u00e4el Rootsi pagenud kaasmaalased. S\u00f5rulaste saatusest on kirjanik \u00dclo Tuulik kirjutanud dokumentaalromaani \u201eS\u00f5ja jalus\u201c.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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The torments of S\u00f5rve islanders in the refugee camps and destroyed cities of war-devastated Germany differed significantly from the conditions their compatriots who fled on their own to Sweden found themselves in. The writer \u00dclo Tuulik has written the documentary novel S\u00f5ja jalus on the fate of S\u00f5rve islanders.<\/span><\/p>

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Kodumaale kaasa toodud postkaart Klein Lubsi (t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval Lubcz Ma\u0142y) k\u00fcla vaadetega Pommerimaal, kus viibis ka kirjanik \u00dclo Tuuliku perekond.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

A postcard with views of Klein Lubs village (nowadays Lubcz Ma\u0142y) in Pomerania, where the writer \u00dclo Tuulik\u2019s family also stayed, which was brought along to the Estonian homeland.<\/span><\/p>

Illustratsioon: erakogu \/ illustration: private collection<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

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S\u00f5jaaja karmides tingimustes j\u00e4tsid paljud s\u00f5rulased Saksa-, Poola- ja T\u0161ehhimaale oma elu, eri paigus asuvad hauad on vajunud unustusse. 2014. aasta suvel v\u00f5ttis grupp deporteeritud s\u00f5rulasi ja nende sugulasi ette teekonna paikadesse, kuhu s\u00f5da neid pillutas. Saaremaalt v\u00f5eti kaasa m\u00e4lestustahvel, kuhu lisaks nimedele on kantud tekst \u201eSurnud on vaid need, kes on unustatud\u201c.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Many people from S\u00f5rve lost their lives in the harsh conditions of war in Germany, Poland, and Czechoslovakia. Graves located in various places have been forgotten. In the summer of 2014, a group of people who had been deported from S\u00f5rve and their relatives undertook a journey to places where the war had scattered them. They took a memorial plaque along with them from Saaremaa, which bore the text \u2018Only those who are forgotten are dead\u2019 in addition to the names of the deceased.<\/span><\/p>

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M\u00e4lestusplaadi avamine s\u00f5rulaste haudadel 8. juulil 2014 Poolas Stawno k\u00fcla vanal kalmistul.<\/strong><\/p>

Opening of the memorial plaque at the graves of people from S\u00f5rve on 8 July 2014 in the old cemetery of Stawno village in Poland.<\/p>

Illustratsioon: erakogu \/ illustration: private collection<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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IMPRESSUM :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

N\u00e4ituse idee ja\u00a0 koostaja: SA Eesti M\u00e4lu Instituut<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Koost\u00f6\u00f6partnerid: Saaremaa Muuseum, SA Virumaa Muuseumid, SA Rannarahva Muuseum, Tartu Linnamuuseum, Hiiumaa Muinsuskaitse Selts
Kasutatud materjal p\u00e4rineb: Rahvusarhiiv (RA), Saaremaa Muuseum (SM),
Tallinna Linnaarhiiv (TLA), Eesti Vaba\u00f5humuuseum (EVM), Eesti Rahva Muuseum (ERM), Eesti Meremuuseum (MM),
Eesti Ajaloomuuseum (AM), Virumaa Muuseumid (VM), SA Rannarahva Muuseum (RRM), P\u00fc\u00fcnsi k\u00fclaseltsi fotokogu (P\u00fc\u00fcnsi),
Perekond Roseni fotokogu (Erakogu), Aftonbladet Bild, Eesti Kirjandusmuuseum (KIRMUS), Tallinna Linnamuuseum (TLM),
Hiiumaa Muuseumid (HM), Haapsalu ja L\u00e4\u00e4nemaa Muuseumid, erakogud,
Tartu \u00dclikooli muuseum (\u00dcAM), G\u00f6teborgi meremuuseum (GM)
N\u00e4ituse kuraator: Meelis Maripuu
Koostajad: Meelis Maripuu, \u00dclle Kraft, Aivar Niglas
T\u00f5lge: Peeter Tammisto
Korrektuur: Signe Siim<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Kujundajad: Anni Vakkum, Franka Vakkum
Veebikujundus: Marko Poolamets
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IMPRINT :
Exhibition idea and creator: Estonian Institute of Historical Memory<\/span><\/p>

Cooperation partner: Saaremaa Museum,\u00a0 Virumaa Museums,Rannarahva Museum, Tartu City History Museum, Hiiumaa Heritage Society
The origin of the used material: National Archives of Estonia (RA), Saaremaa Museum (SM),
Tallinn City Archives (TLA), Estonian Open Air Museum (EVM), Estonian National Museum (ERM), Estonian Maritime Museum (MM),
Estonian History Museum (AM), Virumaa Museums (VM), Museum of Coastal Folk (RRM), P\u00fc\u00fcnsi community photo collection (P\u00fc\u00fcnsi),
Rosen family photo collection (Erakogu), Aftonbladet Bild, National Archives of Estonia (RA), Estonian Literary Museum (KIRMUS),
University of Tartu Museum (\u00dcAM), Gothenburg Maritime Museum (GM), Haapsalu and L\u00e4\u00e4nemaa Museums, private collections, Tallinna Linnamuuseum (TLM),
Hiiumaa Muuseumid (HM)
Curator: Meelis Maripuu
Compiled by: Meelis Maripuu, \u00dclle Kraft, Aivar Niglas
Translation: Peeter Tammisto
Proofreading: Signe Siim
Designers: Anni Vakkum, Franka Vakkum <\/span><\/p>

Web design:Marko Poolamets
<\/span><\/p>

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